Lecture 11- Connective Tissue+ Adipose Tissue

Question 1

Connective tissue functions and cite examples.

Answer 1

1) Binding+supporting= holding skin, gut
2) Protection- bone protecting vital organs
3) Insulation- fat
4) Storing fuel reserve and cells (bone marrow and fat tissue)
5) Transporting substances (blood and interstitium)
6) Separation of tissues (fascia+ tendons/cartilage)

Question 2

What granules does the mast cell contain?

Answer 2

Histamine- increased blood vessel permeability
Herapin- an anti-coagulant
Cytokines- attracts eosinophils+ neutrophils

Question 3

How does brown adipocytes differ from white adipocytes?

Answer 3

They are more prevalent in neonates+ infants.

Thermogenesis occurs- lipid breakdown is accelerated, oxidative phsophorylation is uncoupled to generate heat

Question 4

Differences between loose and dense connective tissue.

Answer 4

Dense connective tissue does not have mast cells and macrophages.

Question 5

Examples of irregular dense connective tissue

Answer 5

• Deep layer of the dermis

- Submucosa of intestine

Question 6

Regular dense connective tissue example

Answer 6

• Tendons
• Ligaments
• Aponeuroses

Question 7

Fascia- 3 types

Answer 7

Superficial
Deep
Visceral- right next to the organ
Around muscles and separates from other tissues.
Flexible+ resist great tension.

Question 8

Aponeuroses

Answer 8

Pearly white fibrous tissue
Attaches: 
-Flat muscle to muscle
- Tendon to tendon
-Tendon to ligament
Examples:
Head- galea
Abdomen- external oblique

Question 9

Composition of tendons

Answer 9

Collagen- 30%- 70% Collagen 1, 30% Collagen 3 (Reticulin)
Elastin- 2%
Water- 68%

Question 10

Functions of tendons

Answer 10

Connect muscle to bone

Question 11

What is a ground substance?

Answer 11

Clear substance with a slippery feel. Proteoglycans- core protein is glucosaminoglycans. (Long chain polysaccharides- hydrophilic)

Question 12

Why is vitamin C important for collagen formation?

Answer 12

Vitamin C is required for the hydroxilation of proline and lysine which is required in the production of pro collagen.

Question 13

What is collagen synthesis?

Answer 13

1) Synthesis and entry of chain into lumen of rough ER
2) Cleavage of signal peptide
3) Hydroxilation of selected proline and lysine residues
4) Addition of N-linked oligosaccharides
5) Addition of galactose to hydroxylysine residues