Lecture 7- Vertebral Column

Question 0

Which sections of the vertebrae are mobile?

Answer 0

Cervical, thoracic and lumbar

Question 1

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx has how many vertebrae each?

Answer 1

Cervical: n = 7

Thoracic: n = 12

Lumbar: n = 5

Sacrum: n = 5 (fused)

Coccyx: n = 4 (Co2-Co4 are fused)

Question 2

Total number of vertebrae?

Answer 2

33

Question 3

Functions of vertebral column

Answer 3

• Protects spinal cord and spinal nerves.
• Supports weight of body above pelvis.
• Provides a partly rigid and flexible axis for body.
• Plays important role in posture and locomotion.

Question 4

Vertebral body consists of

Answer 4

vascular, trabecular (spongy, cancellous) bone enclosed by thin compact bone layer.

Question 5

Movement of the spine determined by what things?

Answer 5

1. Size and compressibility of the IV discs
2. Tightness of joint capsules
3. Orientation of articular facets
4. Muscle and ligament function
5. Articulations with thoracic cage (ribs)
6. Limitations imposed by the adjacent tissues and
   increasing age

Question 6

Cervical curvature (........): acquired 
................ when infant can support weight of it’s own head.

Answer 6

Lordosis

Secondarily

Question 7

Thoracic curvature (……….): ………. curvature present in foetus.

Answer 7

Kyphosis

Primary

Question 8

Lumbar curvature (……….): acquired ……….. when infant can stand ……….. and support its own weight.

Answer 8

Lordosis
Secondarily
Upright

Question 9

Sacral curvature: ……… curvature present in feature.

Answer 9

primary

Question 10

Seven processes arise from the vertebral arch of

a typical vertebra what are these?

Answer 10

1. Spinous process
2. Transverse process x2
3. Articular process x4

Question 11

The cervical vertebrae has the greatest range of movement because of relatively …….. ….. ……., nearly ………. orientation of articular facets and less …… of body surrounding cervical vertebrae.

Answer 11

thick IV discs
horizontal
mass

Question 12

C3-C7 are what type of vertebrae

Answer 12

Typical cervical

Question 13

Spinous of which section of the vertebrae bifurcates?

Answer 13

Cervical

Question 14

What muscle connects to the posterior tubicle

Answer 14

Levator scapula

Question 15

What specific vertebrae in the cervical region has no spinous process?

Answer 15

Atlas

Question 16

The atlas is the …… cervical vertebrae?

Answer 16

Widest

Question 17

The atlas has superior articulation with ……… ……..

Answer 17

Occipital condyles

Question 18

The atlas has Inferior articular with the ……(c2)

Answer 18

Axis

Question 19

The axis is the …… vertebrae

Answer 19

Strongest

Question 20

The axis has a small ……. …….

Answer 20

Transverse process

Question 21

The axis has an Odontoid process which is also referred to as the …..?

Answer 21

Dens

Question 22

C4 has a large ……

Answer 22

Body

Question 23

C4 has a circular transverse ……..

Answer 23

Foremen

Question 24

C7 has a large spinous process referred to as …….. …….?

Answer 24

Vertebra Prominens

Question 25

Vertebral artery branches from the ………… ……..

Ascends through ………. to enter ……… ……..

Answer 25

SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
C6-C1
foramen magnum

Question 26

Vertebral artery travels through what structure of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 26

Transverse foramina

Question 27

Pediatric cervical spine 
Instability caused by: 
• Ligamentous laxity; 
• Shallow and angled facet joints; 
• Under-developed spinous processes; 
• Incomplete ossification of odontoid process; 
• Relatively large head; 
• Weak neck muscles. 
• Younger children more susceptible to upper cervical 
spine injury (occiput -> C3).

Answer 27

.

Question 28

…… -years-old cervical spine reaches adult proportions

Answer 28

8-10

Question 29

Fulcrum of motion at ……… (adults……. );

Answer 29

C2-C3

C5-C6

Question 30

Thoracic vertebrae specialise in what type of movement?

Answer 30

Rotation

Question 31

Spinous processes in the thoracic vertebrae face …….?

Answer 31

Inferiority

Question 32

The thoracic vertebrae have transverse costal facets, what fits into these?

Answer 32

Ribs