Lecture 2- Brainstem Flashcards
The brainstem has Long tracts transmitting somatosensory impulses from?
body to thalamus
The brainstem contains?
Cranial nerve nuclei (n11/12)
Long tracts transmitting motor impulses from?
Primary motor cortex to spinal cord
Damage to the brainstem results in?
- Somatosensory or motor dysfunction
* Cranial nerve malfunction
What cranial nerves are located in the brainstem?
3-12
What artery sits on the sulcus of the pons?
Basilar artery
Axons from …….passes down through the ……, decussate(crosses over) in the……………..and enter spinal cord
Primary motor cortex
Brainstem
Medulla oblongata
In the corona radiata, axons forming the pyramidal tract descend in which order?
- 1st degree motor cortex
- Corona radiata
- Internal capsule
- Midbrain ( cerebral crus )
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata ( pyramids )
- Spinal cord
The mesencephalon (midbrain) is divided into three derivatives, what are these?
- Tectum
- Tegmentum
- Basis pudunculi
The tectum contains what?
2x superior colliculus
2x inferior colliculus
Dorsal surface of cerebral aqueduct
Where is the tegmentum is located?
Between the tectum and basis pudunculi
The tegmentum contains the?
- Red nucleus
- Nucleus of oculomotor
- Nucleus of trigeminal
- Reticular formation
Why is the red nucleus red?
From high iron (Fe) content
The red nucleus receives input from the?
cerebral cortex and cerebellar nuclei.
The red nucleus gives rise to the? Which controls?
Gives rise to rubrospinal tract => controls flexor muscle tone.
Why is substantia Nigra brown?
Due to high content of melanin.
The substantia Nigra projects to the?
Striatum ( caudate nucleus and putamen) and thalamus
Death of dopaminergic cells leads to?
Parkinson’s disease => bradykinesia & hypokinesia (difficulty in initiating and performing voluntary movements).
Substantia Nigra is located in the?
Cerebral peduncles
Cerebral peduncle is a part of both the?
tegmentum + basis pedunculi.
The basis pedunculus contains?
corticospinal and corticopontine tracts.
What is the blood supply of the mesencephalon?
*Posterior communicating artery
• Posterior cerebral artery
• Superior cerebellar artery
artery
The cerebral aqueduct is located between the?
tectum and tegmentum.
The cerebral aqueduct is surrounded
Periaqueductal grey matter.
