Lecture 3- The Cerebellum

Question 0

Two other ways it differs from the cerebral cortex

Answer 0

1. None of its activity directly contributes to consciousness
2. Its hemispheres possess ipsilateral ( same side) representation of body parts.

Question 1

Where is the cerebellum located?

Answer 1

Posterior cranial fossa, under tentorium cerebelli, Posterior/ superior border of the 4th ventricle

Question 2

The cerebellum has lots more …….., compared to the cerebral cortex and therefore has lots of …..?

Answer 2

Grey matter

Cell bodies

Question 3

The cerebellum is very small at birth but develops rapidly in the
first …………

Answer 3

Six years

Question 4

At ages 1-6 the Cerebellum codes movement sequences of what?

Answer 4

running, climbing, jumping

Question 5

The cerebellum develops from the?

Answer 5

Mesencephalon

Question 6

The cerebellum forms the roof of which ventricle?

Answer 6

Fourth ventricle

Question 7

The cerebellum is Separated from occipital and temporal lobes by
the?

Answer 7

tentorium cerebelli

Question 8

The cerebellum consists of folia and fissures on its?

Answer 8

surface

Question 9

The cerebellum is made up of two lateral lobes which are called?

Answer 9

cerebellar hemispheres

Question 10

The cerebellum is 10% of total brain mass, but contains ……. of total neurons?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

The cerebellum is part of which system. E.g sensory or motor?

Answer 11

Motor

Question 12

Cerebellum indirectly affects movements on which side of the body?

Answer 12

Ipsilateral (same side)

Question 13

The anterior lobe of the cerebellum is located where?

Answer 13

Anterior to primary fissure

Question 14

The cerebellum has inputs from the …………, so it can monitor the
position of body in space

Answer 14

Vestibular system

Question 15

Functions of the cerebellum

• Three primary functions:

Answer 15

1. maintenance of posture and balance
2. maintenance of muscle tone
3. Coordinates smooth movements by influencing timing and force of contractions of voluntary muscles.

Question 16

What is the function of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?

Answer 16

Maintains coordination of limb movements while movements are being executed

Question 17

The anterior lobe receives input from what three things?

Answer 17

limb (chiefly lower limb) 
muscle spindles (stretch receptors) 
Golgi tendon organs via the spinocerebellar tracts

Question 18

The anterior lobe has a role in regulating what?

Answer 18

Muscle tone

Question 19

The Flocculonodular lobe consists of what two structures?

Answer 19

1. nodulus (of the vermis)

2. flocculus (most ancient part of cerebellum)

Question 20

The Flocculonodular lobe receive input from the?

Answer 20

vestibular system so it can monitor the position of the body in space

Question 21

The Flocculonodular lobe play a role in maintenance of what three things?

Answer 21

1.Balance
2.Posture
3 Eye movement

Question 22

The posterior lobe lies between the primary fissure and the?

Answer 22

posterolateral fissure

Question 23

The posterior lobe receives massive input from the?

Answer 23

Cerebral cortex

Question 24

The posterior lobe plays a role in co-ordination of?

Answer 24

Voluntary motor activity

Question 25

The posterior lobe stores all sequential components of?

Answer 25

skilled movements

Question 26

Functions of cerebellar peduncles

Answer 26

Tracts of afferent & efferent axons enter or leave | the cerebellum through the cerebellar peduncles

Question 27

Superior cerebellar peduncle: connects cerebellum to?

Answer 27

pons and midbrain

Question 28

Middle cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the?

Answer 28

Pons

Question 29

Inferior cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the?

Answer 29

Medulla

Question 30

Superior cerebellar peduncle: contains mostly ....... (“going out”) tracts from ........?

Answer 30

Efferent | Cerebellar nuclei

Question 31

Middle cerebellar peduncle: contains only ........... (“coming in”) tracts

Answer 31

Afferent

Question 32

Inferior cerebellar peduncle: contains ......... ..........tracts

Answer 32

Afferent and efferent tracts from spinocerebellar tracts

Question 33

Superior cerebellar peduncle, Efferent: travel from?

Answer 33

Cerebellum to midbrain

Question 34

Middle cerebellar peduncle Afferent: travel from

Answer 34

Pons to cerebellum

Question 35

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Afferent & efferent: between the?

Answer 35

cerebellum and medulla oblongata

Question 36

The efferent system travels from the cerebellum to the thalamus (thalamic nuclei) and then to the?

Answer 36

Prefrontal cortex

Question 37

The affording system travels from the prefrontal cortex, to the pons (pontine nuclei) and then to the?

Answer 37

Cerebellum

Question 38

The afferent tracts : Dorsal spinocerebellar tract: carries proprioceptive information from ....…..and tendon organs of individual lower limb muscles to the ..........via the.........

Answer 38

Muscle spindles Cerebellum Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 39

Afferent tracts: | Cuneocerebellar tract: carries equivalent information from ...........which also enters via .........?

Answer 39

Upper limb | Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 40

Afferent tract | Trigeminocerebellar tract: carries info from ......, masticatory and external ocular muscles

Answer 40

TMJ

Question 41

Afferent tract | Ponto-cerebellar tract: carries info from ........... to cerebellum through ....................?

Answer 41

Motor cortex | contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 42

Affording tract Vestibulocerebellar tract: vestibulocerebellar impulses from ............... carry info about position and movement of ...... and enter cerebellum through ...........?

Answer 42

Vestibular nuclei Head Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 43

The cerebellar nuclei Contain most of the cell bodies of ............ neurons of the cerebellum

Answer 43

Efferent

Question 44

Cerebellar nuclei receive projections from........... cells in cerebellar cortex.

Answer 44

Purkinje

Question 45

Four nuclei containing most of efferent neurons:

Answer 45

* Dentate nucleus * Emboliform nucleus * Globose nuclei * Fastigial nucleus

Question 46

The Emboliform nucleus and the Globose nuclei form the?

Answer 46

Interposed nuclei

Question 47

Dentate nucleus is the most lateral and largest – input | from ............?

Answer 47

lateral parts of hemispheres

Question 48

Fastigial nucleus is most medial – input from ?

Answer 48

vermis & flocculonodular lobes

Question 49

Cerebellar nuclei project to motor centres of the ........., brainstem and .........?

Answer 49

Thalamus | Spinal cord

Question 50

The cerebellar cortex has three layers, what are these?

Answer 50

* Molecular layer (outer layer) * Purkinje cell layer * Granular layer

Question 51

The cerebellum is supplied by which three arteries?

Answer 51

* Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) * Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) * Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)

Question 52

Does the cerebellum initate movements?

Answer 52

No

Question 53

What type of fibres (afferent/efferent) does the superior cerebellar peduncle carry?

Answer 53

Efferent

Question 54

What type of information does the spinocerebellar tract carry

Answer 54

Afferent

Question 55

Which is the most superficial layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 55

Molecular

Question 56

Which is the largest cerebellar nucleus?

Answer 56

Denate