Lecture 11-intrinsic Back Muscles

Question 0

In the standing position, most of the body’s weight falls in …… of the vertebral column.

Answer 0

front

Question 1

Intrinsic back muscles

Muscles concerned with ……. ….. ……. ……. and maintenance of ………

Answer 1

movements of the spine

posture

Question 2

Intrinsic back muscles
•Deep back muscles
•Back muscles “proper”
•Maintain posture and control movements of vertebral column.
•Innervated by …… …… of spinal nerves.

Answer 2

posterior rami

Question 3

Posterior rami of …. ….. …. … …. supply deep muscles of the back but DO NOT supply the ….. of the back.

Answer 3

C1, C7, C8, L4 & L5

skin

Question 4

Intrinsic back muscles

•Superficial layer: …….. …… And …… …….

Answer 4

splenius capitis, splenius cervicis.

Question 5

Intrinsic back muscles

•Intermediate layer: ……… …… Which is made up of which three muscles

Answer 5

erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

Question 6

Intrinsic back muscles

•Deep layer: ……………..which is made up of which three muscles

Answer 6

transversospinalis (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)

Question 7

Superficial layer:
Splenius muscles
•Thick, flat, …………… surface of neck
•“Splenion” = Latin for ………..
•Cover and hold deep neck muscles in position

• Splenius cervicis
• Splenius capitis

Answer 7

posterolateral

bandage

Question 8

Splenius cervicis

Proximal Attachment:

Answer 8

SPs of T3-T6

Question 9

Splenius cervicis
Distal attachment (insertion)

Answer 9

Transverse processes

of C1-C3 vertebrae

Question 10

Splenius cervicis

Innervation

Answer 10

Posterior rami of lower cervical spinal nerves

Question 11

Splenius cervicis

Main action

Answer 11

Unilaterally: laterally flexes and rotates neck to same side
Bilaterally: extends neck

Question 12

Splenius Capitis

Proximal Attachment:

Answer 12

Nuchal ligament, SPs of C7-T3

Question 13

Splenius Capitis
Distal attachment (insertion)

Answer 13

Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line

Question 14

Splenius Capitis

Innervation

Answer 14

Posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

Question 15

Splenius Capitis

Main action

Answer 15

Unilaterally: laterally flexes neck and rotates head to same side

Question 16

Intermediate layer:
Erector spinae muscles
•Located between the …….. ……… medially and …….. ……. laterally.
•Chief ……… of the vertebral column.

• Iliocostalis (most lateral)
• Longissimus (intermediate)
• Spinalis (medial)

Answer 16

extensors
spinous processes
rib angles

Question 17

Iliocostalis

Proximal Attachment:

Answer 17

Posterior sacrum
iliac crest
SPs of lower lumbar and sacral vertebrae

Question 18

Iliocostalis

Distal attachment

Answer 18

Angles of lower ribs

cervical transverse processes

Question 19

Iliocostalis

Innervation

Answer 19

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 20

Iliocostalis

Main action

Answer 20

Unilaterally:
Laterally flex vertebral column

Bilaterally:
extends vertebral column and head

Question 21

Longissimus

Proximal Attachment:

Answer 21

Posterior sacrum
iliac crest
SPs of lower lumbar and sacral vertebrae

Question 22

Longissimus

Distal attachment

Answer 22

Between tubercles and angles of ribs
tranverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
mastoid process

Question 23

Longissimus

Innervation

Answer 23

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 24

Longissimus | Main action

Answer 24

Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column Bilaterally: extends vertebral column and head

Question 25

Spinalis | Proximal Attachment:

Answer 25

Posterior sacrum iliac crest SPs of lower lumbar and sacral vertebrae

Question 26

Spinalis | Distal attachment

Answer 26

Spinous processes of upper thoracic and midcervical vertebrae, and cranium

Question 27

Spinalis | Innervation

Answer 27

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 28

Spinalis | Main action

Answer 28

Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column Bilaterally: extends vertebral column and head

Question 29

Deep layer: | Transversospinales includes which three muscles

Answer 29

* Semispinalis * Multifidus * Rotatores

Question 30

Semispinalis | Proximal Attachment:

Answer 30

TPs of C4-T12

Question 31

Semispinalis | Distal attachment

Answer 31

Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Question 32

Semispinalis | Innervation

Answer 32

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 33

Semispinalis | Main action

Answer 33

Extends head, neck and thorax and rotates them to opposite side

Question 34

Multifidus | Proximal Attachment:

Answer 34

``` Posterior Sacrum, Ilium TPs of T1-T12 articular processes of C4-C7 PSIS SI ligaments Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae ```

Question 35

Multifidus | Distal attachment

Answer 35

Spinous processes of vertebrae above, spanning 2-4 segments

Question 36

Multifidus | Innervation

Answer 36

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 37

Multifidus | Main action

Answer 37

Stabilises spine during local movements. | Pain/proprioception.

Question 38

Rotatores | Proximal Attchment:

Answer 38

TPs best in thoracic region

Question 39

Rotatores | Distal attachment

Answer 39

Lamina and transverse processes or spine above, spanning 1 or 2 segments

Question 40

Rotatores | Innervation

Answer 40

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 41

Rotatores | Main action

Answer 41

Stabilise extend rotate spine. Proprioception.

Question 42

Electromyographic study of the back muscles => increased activity during the first stage of anterior flexion but ............. as extreme flexed position approached

Answer 42

decreases

Question 43

* Extreme flexed position =>back muscles ........, ligaments take over stabilising role. * This explains the danger of heavy lifting while the trunk is in extreme flexed position.

Answer 43

relaxed

Question 44

What muscles comprise the superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 44

Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis.

Question 45

What region of the spine are rotatores best developed?

Answer 45

Thoracic

Question 46

What regions of the spine does semispinalis traverse?

Answer 46

Cervical and thoracic

Question 47

What is the largest muscle crossing the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 47

Multifidus

Question 48

Do posterior rami of L1, L2 & L3 innervate muscle and skin of the back?

Answer 48

YES