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CHI282 - Human Anatomy 2 > Lecture 1-Brain > Flashcards

Lecture 1-Brain Flashcards

0
Q

What is incorporated in the telencephalon

A

Cerebral cortex, white matter and basal ganglia

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1
Q

Define cerbral cortex, grey matter and white matter

A

Cortex: outer, or most superficial, layer of an
organ.

• Grey matter: tissue containing cell bodies of
neurons.

• White matter: tissue containing axons of
neurons.

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2
Q

What is incorporated in the diencephalon

A

pineal gland, sub thalamus, hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus

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3
Q

How much does the adult human brain weigh?

A

1400g

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4
Q

Define gyri, sulci and fissures

A

Gyri = elevated ridges

Sulci = shallow grooves

Fissures = deep grooves

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5
Q

Name the major sulci and gyri

A

Post central gyris, pre central gyris, lateral sulci, central sulci, pre central sulci

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6
Q

Name the 6 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbric and insular

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7
Q

What is the corpus callosum

A 
Major commissure 
(largest neocortical 
commissural tract 
between the 
hemispheres) 
Connection 
between cortical 
areas of similar 
function in both 
hemispheres
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8
Q

Function of the Frontal cortex

A

supplementary motor area

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9
Q

Function of pre central gyris

A

Primary motor area

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10
Q

Function post-central gyrus

A

primary somatosensory cortex & gustatory cortex

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11
Q

Function of parietal lobe

A

somatosensory association areas

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12
Q

Function of temporal lobe

A

auditory and auditory association area

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13
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A

visual cortex and visual association area

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14
Q

Pre central gyris (dark pink area). What do large nerve motor cells control?

A 
Large motor nerve cells in this area control voluntary movements 
on opposite (contralateral)  side of body.
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15
Q

Post-central gyrus (dark blue) = primary somatosensory cortex. What does it control?

A

Nerve cells in this area receive and interpret sensations of pain,
temperature, touch and pressure from contralateral side of body.

16
Q

What are the brain structures involved in movement production?

A 
• Cerebral cortex 
• Thalamus 
• Basal ganglia 
• Brainstem (L2) 
• Cerebellum (L3) 
=> Motor pathways transfer information between 
these structures
17
Q

What is the thalamus?

A
  • Largest division of diencephalon -composed of many nuclei.
  • Receives and processes precortical input from all sensory systems except olfactory system.
  • Then conveys information (projects) to the cerebral cortex.
18
Q

What is basal ganglia?

A
  • Sub-cortical grey matter nuclei.

* Essential component of extra-pyramidal motor system-> role in initiation & execution of motor activity.

19
Q

What is the corpus striatum?

A

The putamen and caudate nucleus combined

20
Q

What is the lentiform nucleus?

A

The putamen and the globus pallidus combined

21
Q

Arterial blood supply of the brain

A
  • High energy use, no substrate (glucose) stored and can’t metabolise without oxygen => need constant supply of oxygenated blood containing glucose.
  • Total cerebral blood flow ~ 750mL/min (250mL/min from 2x carotid, 1x basilar arteries)
  • Total intracranial blood volume ~ 125mL.
  • Intracranial blood pool must be replaced 6 times per minute!
22
Q

Arterial blood supply of the brain

A

• 2.5% body weight.
• Receives 15% of CO.
• Internal carotid (anterior circulation) & vertebral arteries
(posterior circulation)

23
Q

Anterior cerebral artery supplies which part of the brain?

A

Dorsal surface of brain ( superior portion)

24
Q

Posterior cerebral artery supplies which part of the brain?

A

Ventral portion of the brain (inferior)

25
Q

Middle cerebral artery supplies which part of the brain?

A

Lateral section of the brain

26
Q

Anterior cerebral artery is a branch of the?

A

branch of internal carotid artery

27
Q

Middle cerebral artery is a branch of the?

A

Internal carotid

28
Q

Posterior cerebral artery is a terminal branch of the?

A

Basilar artery

29
Q

Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery will lead to?

A

Sensorimotor function loss in lower limb & bladder weakness

30
Q

Occlusion of middle cerebral artery will lead to?

A

Sensorimotor function loss primarily in face and hands

31
Q

Occlusion of posterior cerebral artery will lead to?

A

Visual disturbances, possibly cause sensory loss on one side of the body if thalamus deprived of blood

32
Q

Posterior cerebral artery supplies what part of the brain?

A

Occipital lobe and branches to the thalamus

33
Q

The nervous system take the initial form of a cellular neural tube derived from the?

A

Ectoderm

34
Q

The caudal part of the tube forms the

A

Spinal cord

CHI282 - Human Anatomy 2 (16 decks)

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