Lecture 7: Drawings Flashcards
The contract documents prepared by the
A/E or the designer includes but is not
limited to:
- Drawings
2. Specifications
Pre-drawing activities are also called what phase?
Conceptual phase
What drawings do the owners give their approval during?
Schematic drawings
Working drawings are also called what?
design development
What are the three phases for drawings being developed?
- Conceptual phase
- Schematic drawings
- Design development
- Are a method of communicating ideas in a graphic form
between different project parties. - Are the basis for measurement of quantities, and a visual
description of the scope of work - They convey the design intent and may show multiple
views
Drawings
What are the five things drawings must include?
- Location
- Identification
- Dimension and size
- Details and diagrams of connections
- Shape and form
- The A/E should start with a comprehensive
program stating the needs, functions, and
parameters of the proposed project. - An estimate of the number of sheets
needed will be prepared at this early
stage. - Ends with the owner’s approval and a
green light to proceed with design after
ensuring the objectives are met.
Pre-Drawing Activities
- Follow the first approval by the owner
- Starts with a DFR (Diagram of functional
Relationships) - Include schematic or outline drawings
- Should suggest as many feasible alternative solutions
as possible. - End with the second cycle of owner approval (Concept approval to start working drawings or design development DD).
- Good time to start VE efforts
Preliminary Drawings
Schematic or outline drawings which are:
- Single line drawings.
- Have minimum details.(minimum dimensions)
- Usually include free hand sketches and/or 3D models.
- Second cycle in the development of the design process
- Present a complete picture of the proposed project.
- Contain detailed dimensions.
- Contain details (Larger scale drawings).
- Used to obtain proper permits.(2 sets)
- Used by general and specialty contractors (as part of the bid documents) [Takeoff, pricing, etc.]
- Owner, A/E, and contractor will use them as reference during construction phase.
Working Drawings (Design Development)
Working Drawings must have the A/E’s seal of the design professional (For liability issues). This professional could be:
- Land surveyor
- Engineer (Different disciplines)
- Architect
- Etc.
How are sheets in Working Drawings ordered?
Sheets are ordered and numbered based on the construction
sequence (Site work, Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, Finishing,
Landscaping, etc.)
Three types of submittals
- Data Sheets
- Shop Drawings
- Samples
1. Third cycle in design development (Most detailed drawings). 2. A further detail based on the working drawings. 3. Prepared by GC (Responsible for accuracy and correctness), subs, suppliers, or manufacturers, and approved by A/E. 4. Examples include: a. Steel Connections b. Equipment installation procedures c. Formwork or falsework d. Rebar details
Shop drawings
- Serve as a field guide for fabrication and
installation purposes. - Preparation and approval follow a pre-set schedule.
Shop drawings
1. Approval does not relieve contractor from conforming to specific design drawing requirements. 2. Usually a source of claims and disputes, as approval language creates confusion.
Shop drawings
Shop drawing Review/Approval cycle
- Subcontractor submits shop drawings for approval
- General contractor receives shop drawings and submits to A/E.
- General contractor transmits architectural assessment data to subcontractor.
- A/E receives and reviews shop drawings
If shop drawings are approved….. - General contractor distributes approved shop drawings to sub contractors.
- If they are incomplete they are resubmitted.
Submittals Approval / Rejection:
- No exceptions taken
- Correct as noted
- Revise and resubmit
- Rejected
Disclaimer: Shop drawings and other submittals are reviewed only for conformance with the intent of the drawings and general compliance with
the ______.
Contract Documents
When dealing with shop drawings and other submitals the ______ is not relieved of the responsibility for ensuring the corrections of these drawings for compatibility with the project requirements and for coordination with other trades.
contractor
- Timely review very important
- Distribute copies to all involved
Owner, Architect, Consultant, Supplier, or fabricator - Stamp: Approved / Reviewed
- May take a while –PLAN FOR IT
Submittal review
An actual piece of the specified
product showing
• Color / finish
• Mock-up may be required
Samples
Shop Drawings Issues
1. When are they required 2. Format for submittal 3. Format for calling out deviations 4. Owner’s right to duplicate, retain and reuse 5. Language for approval 6. Reliance on approval 7. Period for approval 8. What if delayed
Drawings and specifications are ________.
complementary
show size, form, quantity, relationship, type and graphical representation of construction materials.
Drawings
define qualitative requirements for products, materials, and workmanship on which the contract is based.
Specifications
also describe administrative procedures
regarding both drawings and specifications (hierarchy and precedence in case of conflict)
The specifications
Effective __________ must begin early
and follow the progression of design to avoid conflicting information.
coordination and quality assurance
Drawings and specifications should be coordinated to avoid the following:
- Omissions
- Overlaps and duplications between disciplines
- Noncompliance with laws and regulations
- Conflicts and discrepancies with locations of equipment and
components - Incompatible materials and components
- Difficult or impossible construction methods
- Inconsistent terminology and abbreviations
- Inconsistent units of measurement
- Errors in extent of alternates
- Errors in defining areas of construction phasing
- Errors in defining limits of work
- Errors in identifying work by owner or work not in contract
- Inaccurate or unnecessary cross-referencing.
