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Construction contracts > Lecture 7: Drawings > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Drawings Flashcards

1
Q

The contract documents prepared by the
A/E or the designer includes but is not
limited to:

A
  1. Drawings

2. Specifications

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2
Q

Pre-drawing activities are also called what phase?

A

Conceptual phase

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3
Q

What drawings do the owners give their approval during?

A

Schematic drawings

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4
Q

Working drawings are also called what?

A

design development

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5
Q

What are the three phases for drawings being developed?

A
  1. Conceptual phase
  2. Schematic drawings
  3. Design development
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6
Q
  1. Are a method of communicating ideas in a graphic form
    between different project parties.
  2. Are the basis for measurement of quantities, and a visual
    description of the scope of work
  3. They convey the design intent and may show multiple
    views
A

Drawings

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7
Q

What are the five things drawings must include?

A
  1. Location
  2. Identification
  3. Dimension and size
  4. Details and diagrams of connections
  5. Shape and form
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8
Q
  1. The A/E should start with a comprehensive
    program stating the needs, functions, and
    parameters of the proposed project.
  2. An estimate of the number of sheets
    needed will be prepared at this early
    stage.
  3. Ends with the owner’s approval and a
    green light to proceed with design after
    ensuring the objectives are met.
A

Pre-Drawing Activities

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9
Q
  1. Follow the first approval by the owner
  2. Starts with a DFR (Diagram of functional
    Relationships)
  3. Include schematic or outline drawings
  4. Should suggest as many feasible alternative solutions
    as possible.
  5. End with the second cycle of owner approval (Concept approval to start working drawings or design development DD).
  6. Good time to start VE efforts
A

Preliminary Drawings

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10
Q

Schematic or outline drawings which are:

A
  1. Single line drawings.
  2. Have minimum details.(minimum dimensions)
  3. Usually include free hand sketches and/or 3D models.
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11
Q
  1. Second cycle in the development of the design process
  2. Present a complete picture of the proposed project.
  3. Contain detailed dimensions.
  4. Contain details (Larger scale drawings).
  5. Used to obtain proper permits.(2 sets)
  6. Used by general and specialty contractors (as part of the bid documents) [Takeoff, pricing, etc.]
  7. Owner, A/E, and contractor will use them as reference during construction phase.
A 
Working Drawings (Design 
Development)
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12
Q

Working Drawings must have the A/E’s seal of the design professional (For liability issues). This professional could be:

A
  1. Land surveyor
  2. Engineer (Different disciplines)
  3. Architect
  4. Etc.
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13
Q

How are sheets in Working Drawings ordered?

A

Sheets are ordered and numbered based on the construction
sequence (Site work, Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, Finishing,
Landscaping, etc.)

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14
Q

Three types of submittals

A
  1. Data Sheets
  2. Shop Drawings
  3. Samples
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15
Q 
1. Third cycle in design 
development (Most 
detailed drawings).
2. A further detail based on the working 
drawings.
3. Prepared by GC (Responsible for accuracy and correctness), subs, suppliers, or manufacturers, and approved by A/E.
4. Examples include:
a. Steel Connections
b. Equipment installation procedures
c. Formwork or falsework
d. Rebar details
A

Shop drawings

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16
Q
  1. Serve as a field guide for fabrication and
    installation purposes.
  2. Preparation and approval follow a pre-set schedule.
A

Shop drawings

17
Q 
1. Approval does not relieve contractor 
from conforming to specific design 
drawing requirements.
2. Usually a source of claims and disputes, 
as approval language creates confusion.
A

Shop drawings

18
Q

Shop drawing Review/Approval cycle

A
  1. Subcontractor submits shop drawings for approval
  2. General contractor receives shop drawings and submits to A/E.
  3. General contractor transmits architectural assessment data to subcontractor.
  4. A/E receives and reviews shop drawings
    If shop drawings are approved…..
  5. General contractor distributes approved shop drawings to sub contractors.
  6. If they are incomplete they are resubmitted.
19
Q

Submittals Approval / Rejection:

A
  1. No exceptions taken
  2. Correct as noted
  3. Revise and resubmit
  4. Rejected
20
Q

Disclaimer: Shop drawings and other submittals are reviewed only for conformance with the intent of the drawings and general compliance with
the ______.

A

Contract Documents

21
Q

When dealing with shop drawings and other submitals the ______ is not relieved of the responsibility for ensuring the corrections of these drawings for compatibility with the project requirements and for coordination with other trades.

A

contractor

22
Q
  1. Timely review very important
  2. Distribute copies to all involved
    Owner, Architect, Consultant, Supplier, or fabricator
  3. Stamp: Approved / Reviewed
  4. May take a while –PLAN FOR IT
A

Submittal review

23
Q

An actual piece of the specified
product showing
• Color / finish
• Mock-up may be required

A

Samples

24
Q

Shop Drawings Issues

A 
1. When are they 
required
2. Format for submittal
3. Format for calling out 
deviations
4. Owner’s right to 
duplicate, retain  and 
reuse
5. Language for 
approval
6. Reliance on approval
7. Period for approval
8. What if delayed
25
Q

Drawings and specifications are ________.

A

complementary

26
Q

show size, form, quantity, relationship, type and graphical representation of construction materials.

A

Drawings

27
Q

define qualitative requirements for products, materials, and workmanship on which the contract is based.

A

Specifications

28
Q

also describe administrative procedures

regarding both drawings and specifications (hierarchy and precedence in case of conflict)

A

The specifications

29
Q

Effective __________ must begin early

and follow the progression of design to avoid conflicting information.

A

coordination and quality assurance

30
Q

Drawings and specifications should be coordinated to avoid the following:

A
  1. Omissions
  2. Overlaps and duplications between disciplines
  3. Noncompliance with laws and regulations
  4. Conflicts and discrepancies with locations of equipment and
    components
  5. Incompatible materials and components
  6. Difficult or impossible construction methods
  7. Inconsistent terminology and abbreviations
  8. Inconsistent units of measurement
  9. Errors in extent of alternates
  10. Errors in defining areas of construction phasing
  11. Errors in defining limits of work
  12. Errors in identifying work by owner or work not in contract
  13. Inaccurate or unnecessary cross-referencing.

Construction contracts (22 decks)

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