Lecture 7- Antiviral agents Flashcards
What is a virus?
- rely on its host to replicate
- simple
- either DNA or RNA
Why did antiviral drugs greatly increase?
AIDS epidemic!
How are most viral diseases prevented?
vaccines!
What are the 6 antiviral agents generic and trade names?
- acyclovir –> Zovirax
- ganciclovir –> Cytovene, Vitrasert, Zirgan
- amantadine –> Symmetrel
- didanosine –> Videx
- zidovudine –> Retrovir
- ribavirin –> Virazole
What are HIV infections?
- caused by HIV I and HIV II
- infect CD4 helper T cells by attaching to it and kill cell in 30 hours
- needs reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA
-can develop AIDS
What do most people die of when having HIV?
secondary infections
How do people get HIV?
bodily fluids of infected patients
How do we prevent HIV?
barriers
Antiretroviral drugs
What are the 6 classes of “antiretroviral drugs”?
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
- Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
- Protease Inhibitors (PI)
- Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (ISTIs)
- Fusion Inhibitors (FI)
- Chemokine Receptors 5 Antagonists (CRAs)
What are the 2 NRTIs generic name and trade name?
- abacavir –> Ziagen
- zidovudine –> Retrovir
What are NRTIs?
Mechanism of action:
- inhibits synthesis of viral DNA by reverse transcriptase
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- lactic acidosis
- hepatomegaly with steatosis
- GI tract probs
What is the one NNRTI generic name and trade name?
delavirdine –> Rescriptor
What are NNRTIs?
Mechanism of action:
- inhibit reverse transcriptase
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- rashes
-hypersensitivity
What are the two PI’s generic name and trade name?
atazanavir –> Reyataz
ritonavir –> Norvir
What is PIs?
Mechanism of action:
- HIV-1 Protease inhibitor
- inhibits cytosome P450 enzymes
Adverse effects:
- GI tract probs
- decrease bone density
- liver probs
-jaundice
-arrhytmias
What are INSTI’s?
Mechanism of action:
- inteferes with integrase enzyme
What are FIs ?
Mechanism of action:
- block fusion of the viral membrane with the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane
- used if patients dont respond to other antivirals
What are CRAs?
Mechanism of action:
- block viral entry into cells (blocks HIV protein from its receptor on cell surface)
What is cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
- transmitted through body fluids or transplanted organs or placenta
- if congential –> abortion, still birth, postnatal death
- drugs used inhibit DNA polymerase
What is Herpes Zoster (Shingles)?
- caused by the chickenpox
- blisters and severe pain (NERVE PAIN)
- not life threatening
What is used to treat Shingles?
Acyclovoir!
- interfers with DNA synthesis and inhibits viral replication –> results in chain chain termination
What is Herpes simplex?
- infection of skin, mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals
- transmitted via contact
- STAYS DORMANT –> symptoms occur periodically
What is Herpes simplex treated with?
Acyclovir
What are the 3 types of Influenza?
Extremely infectious
1. A –> affects humans, pig, and birds, moderate to severe
2. B –> mostly children
3. C –> not common in humans , affects upper respiratory
