lecture 11 - medications and autonomic system

Question 1

What are the 3 classification of sympathomimetic drugs?

Answer 1

1. Catecholamines
2. alpha1 Receptor agonists
3. alpha2 Receptor agonists

Question 2

What are the 3 Catecholamines names and trade name?

Answer 2

1. Dopamine hydrochloride –> Dopamine (alpha 1 and beta 1)
2. Epinephrine –> adrenalin
3. norepinephrine bitartrate –> Levophed

Question 3

What are sympathomimetics drugs?

Answer 3

-adrenergic agonists

• stimulate SYMPATHETIC nervous system (fight/flight)

Question 4

What are adrenergic receptors?

Answer 4

where norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine bind

consist of ALPHA (1 and 2) and BETA (1 and 2)

Question 5

Where are ALPHA-adrenergic receptors found?

Answer 5

vascular smooth muscle

Question 6

Where are BETA-adrenergic receptors found?

Answer 6

smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 7

What is the one ALPHA1 agonist name and trade name?

Answer 7

phenylephrine –> Neo-synephrine Nasal

Question 8

What does Alpha1 receptor agonists USED for?

Answer 8

• treat hypotension
• treat nasal congestion
• subconjunctival hemmorhage (red eye)

Question 9

What is the mechanism of action for Alpha1 receptor agonists?

Answer 9

causes…
- vasoconstriction
-increased BP
-increased closure of internal sphincter of bladder
- increased peripheral resistance

Question 10

What are the ADVERSE effects of Alpha1 receptor agonists?

Answer 10

blurred vision, constipation, urine retention, sweating

Question 11

What are Alpha2 receptor agonists USED for?

Answer 11

to control neurotransmitter release by presynaptic neurons

INHIBIT sympathetic activity and LOWER blood pressure

Question 12

What are the ADVERSE EFFECTS of Alpha2 receptor agonists?

Answer 12

hypotension
GI related

Question 13

What is the one ALPHA2 AGONIST drug name and trade name?

Answer 13

clonidine –> Catapres (in the CNS)

Question 14

What are “Sympatholytics/Adrenergic Antagonists” DIRECT acting?

Answer 14

have an affinity for receptor but block normal response

Question 15

What are “Sympatholytics/Adrenergic Antagonists” INDIRECT acting?

Answer 15

block adrenergic nerve transmission by inhibiting release of NT or depleting stores of NT

Question 16

What is the one “sympathetic ALPHA receptor antagonist” drug name and trade name?

Answer 16

doxazosin –> Cardura

Question 17

What are “sympathetic ALPHA receptor antagonist” drugs USED for?

Answer 17

INHIBIT adrenoreceptors

promote VASODILATION –> controls hypertension

Question 18

What are the ADVERSE EFFECTS of “sympathetic ALPHA receptor antagonist”

Answer 18

postural hypotension
nasal congestion
cant ejaculate

Question 19

What are the 5 “sympathetic BETA receptor agonists” drug name and trade name?

Answer 19

1. dobutamine –> dobutamine
2. albuterol –> Ventolin
3. amphetamine
4. ephedrine –> Ephedrine sulfate injection
5. methylphenidate –> Ritalin

Question 20

Which “sympathetic BETA receptor agonists” are BETA1 agonists?

Answer 20

dobutamine –> dobutamine

Question 21

Which “sympathetic BETA receptor agonists” are BETA2 agonists?

Answer 21

albuterol –> Ventolin

Question 22

Which “sympathetic BETA receptor agonists” are miscellaneius adrenergic agonists?

Answer 22

1. amphetamine
2. ephedrine –> Ephedrine sulfate injection
3. methylphenidate –> Ritalin

Question 23

What are “sympathetic BETA1 receptor agonists” used for?

Answer 23

• Heart –> increase rate and force of contractions
• GI –> increase lipolysis in adipose tissue, decrease digestion and GI motility
• renal –> increase glomerular filtration (increase renin release)

Question 24

What are the ADVERSE EFFECTS “sympathetic BETA1 receptor agonists” ?

Answer 24

hypertension
constipation

Question 25

What are "sympathetic BETA2 receptor agonists" used for?

Answer 25

Bronchial smooth muscle --> BRONCHODILATION Uterus --> Uterine relaxation VASODILATION most involve RELAXATION treat COPD, premature labor

Question 26

What are "sympathetic BETA2 receptor agonists" ADVERSE EFFECTS?

Answer 26

muscle tremors hyperglycemia increased muscle tension

Question 27

What are the 3 BETA-receptor antagonists drug name and trade name?

Answer 27

1. propranolol --> Inderal 2. atenolol --> Tenormin 3. metoprolol --> Lopressor

Question 28

What are BETA-receptor anatagonists used for?

Answer 28

BLOCK ALL ACTIVATION of beta receptors treats.. - hypertension - other heart problems

Question 29

What are the ADVERSE EFFECTS of Beta-receptor antagonists?

Answer 29

GI related insomnia

Question 30

What are Parasympathomimetics/cholinergic agonists?

Answer 30

stimulate the parasymp. nervous system (rest/digest)

Question 31

what are cholinergic receptors?

Answer 31

receptors that bind acetylcholine

Question 32

What are the receptor of sympathetic NS?

Answer 32

adrenergic

Question 33

What is the receptor of parasymp NS?

Answer 33

cholinergic

Question 34

What are the two types of cholinergic agonists?

Answer 34

1. muscarinic --> smooth muscle and slow HR 2. nicotinic --> skeletal muscle

Question 35

What are Parasympathomimetics used for?

Answer 35

activate PSNS by mimicking or modifying the effects of acetylcholine treats: - glaucoma -constipation -etc...

Question 36

What are the 2 cholinergic agonists drug name and trade names?

Answer 36

1. bethanechol 2. tacrine --> cognex

Question 37

What is the drug "atropine"?

Answer 37

an anticholinergic drug selectively blocks muscarinic responses to acetylcholine treats: - GI disorders - eye disorders - COPD - bronchial probs

Question 38

What are the ADVERSE effects of "atropine"?

Answer 38

dry mouth, decreased sweating, constipation, urine retention serious = COMA

Question 39

Agonists Alpha 1 and Beta 1 agonists commonly do what?

Answer 39

cause vasoconstriction treat hypotension increases BP Increases force of contraction

Question 40

What do Agonists Alpha 2 and Beta 2 commonly do?

Answer 40

cause vasodilation treat hypertension decrease BP