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HSS3106 - Pharmacology > lecture 11 - medications and autonomic system > Flashcards

lecture 11 - medications and autonomic system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 classification of sympathomimetic drugs?

A
  1. Catecholamines
  2. alpha1 Receptor agonists
  3. alpha2 Receptor agonists
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2
Q

What are the 3 Catecholamines names and trade name?

A
  1. Dopamine hydrochloride –> Dopamine (alpha 1 and beta 1)
  2. Epinephrine –> adrenalin
  3. norepinephrine bitartrate –> Levophed
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3
Q

What are sympathomimetics drugs?

A

-adrenergic agonists

  • stimulate SYMPATHETIC nervous system (fight/flight)
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4
Q

What are adrenergic receptors?

A

where norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine bind

consist of ALPHA (1 and 2) and BETA (1 and 2)

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5
Q

Where are ALPHA-adrenergic receptors found?

A

vascular smooth muscle

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6
Q

Where are BETA-adrenergic receptors found?

A

smooth and cardiac muscle

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7
Q

What is the one ALPHA1 agonist name and trade name?

A

phenylephrine –> Neo-synephrine Nasal

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8
Q

What does Alpha1 receptor agonists USED for?

A
  • treat hypotension
  • treat nasal congestion
  • subconjunctival hemmorhage (red eye)
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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Alpha1 receptor agonists?

A

causes…
- vasoconstriction
-increased BP
-increased closure of internal sphincter of bladder
- increased peripheral resistance

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10
Q

What are the ADVERSE effects of Alpha1 receptor agonists?

A

blurred vision, constipation, urine retention, sweating

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11
Q

What are Alpha2 receptor agonists USED for?

A

to control neurotransmitter release by presynaptic neurons

INHIBIT sympathetic activity and LOWER blood pressure

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12
Q

What are the ADVERSE EFFECTS of Alpha2 receptor agonists?

A

hypotension
GI related

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13
Q

What is the one ALPHA2 AGONIST drug name and trade name?

A

clonidine –> Catapres (in the CNS)

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14
Q

What are “Sympatholytics/Adrenergic Antagonists” DIRECT acting?

A

have an affinity for receptor but block normal response

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15
Q

What are “Sympatholytics/Adrenergic Antagonists” INDIRECT acting?

A

block adrenergic nerve transmission by inhibiting release of NT or depleting stores of NT

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16
Q

What is the one “sympathetic ALPHA receptor antagonist” drug name and trade name?

A

doxazosin –> Cardura

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17
Q

What are “sympathetic ALPHA receptor antagonist” drugs USED for?

A

INHIBIT adrenoreceptors

promote VASODILATION –> controls hypertension

18
Q

What are the ADVERSE EFFECTS of “sympathetic ALPHA receptor antagonist”

A

postural hypotension
nasal congestion
cant ejaculate

19
Q

What are the 5 “sympathetic BETA receptor agonists” drug name and trade name?

A
  1. dobutamine –> dobutamine
  2. albuterol –> Ventolin
  3. amphetamine
  4. ephedrine –> Ephedrine sulfate injection
  5. methylphenidate –> Ritalin
20
Q

Which “sympathetic BETA receptor agonists” are BETA1 agonists?

A

dobutamine –> dobutamine

21
Q

Which “sympathetic BETA receptor agonists” are BETA2 agonists?

A

albuterol –> Ventolin

22
Q

Which “sympathetic BETA receptor agonists” are miscellaneius adrenergic agonists?

A
  1. amphetamine
  2. ephedrine –> Ephedrine sulfate injection
  3. methylphenidate –> Ritalin
23
Q

What are “sympathetic BETA1 receptor agonists” used for?

A
  • Heart –> increase rate and force of contractions
  • GI –> increase lipolysis in adipose tissue, decrease digestion and GI motility
  • renal –> increase glomerular filtration (increase renin release)
24
Q

What are the ADVERSE EFFECTS “sympathetic BETA1 receptor agonists” ?

A

hypertension
constipation

25
Q

What are “sympathetic BETA2 receptor agonists” used for?

A

Bronchial smooth muscle –> BRONCHODILATION

Uterus –> Uterine relaxation

VASODILATION

most involve RELAXATION

treat COPD, premature labor

26
Q

What are “sympathetic BETA2 receptor agonists” ADVERSE EFFECTS?

A

muscle tremors

hyperglycemia

increased muscle tension

27
Q

What are the 3 BETA-receptor antagonists drug name and trade name?

A
  1. propranolol –> Inderal
  2. atenolol –> Tenormin
  3. metoprolol –> Lopressor
28
Q

What are BETA-receptor anatagonists used for?

A

BLOCK ALL ACTIVATION of beta receptors

treats..
- hypertension
- other heart problems

29
Q

What are the ADVERSE EFFECTS of Beta-receptor antagonists?

A

GI related

insomnia

30
Q

What are Parasympathomimetics/cholinergic agonists?

A

stimulate the parasymp. nervous system (rest/digest)

31
Q

what are cholinergic receptors?

A

receptors that bind acetylcholine

32
Q

What are the receptor of sympathetic NS?

A

adrenergic

33
Q

What is the receptor of parasymp NS?

A

cholinergic

34
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic agonists?

A
  1. muscarinic –> smooth muscle and slow HR
  2. nicotinic –> skeletal muscle
35
Q

What are Parasympathomimetics used for?

A

activate PSNS by mimicking or modifying the effects of acetylcholine

treats:
- glaucoma
-constipation
-etc…

36
Q

What are the 2 cholinergic agonists drug name and trade names?

A
  1. bethanechol
  2. tacrine –> cognex
37
Q

What is the drug “atropine”?

A

an anticholinergic drug

selectively blocks muscarinic responses to acetylcholine

treats:
- GI disorders
- eye disorders
- COPD
- bronchial probs

38
Q

What are the ADVERSE effects of “atropine”?

A

dry mouth, decreased sweating, constipation, urine retention

serious = COMA

39
Q

Agonists Alpha 1 and Beta 1 agonists commonly do what?

A

cause vasoconstriction

treat hypotension

increases BP

Increases force of contraction

40
Q

What do Agonists Alpha 2 and Beta 2 commonly do?

A

cause vasodilation

treat hypertension

decrease BP

HSS3106 - Pharmacology (18 decks)

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