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HSS3106 - Pharmacology > Lecture 14 - Medications for Cardiovascular conditions > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - Medications for Cardiovascular conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A
  1. Endocardium (inner)
  2. Myocardium (middle, muscle)
  3. Epicardium (outer)
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2
Q

What are some risk factors for heart disease?

A
  1. diabetes mellitus
  2. hypertension
  3. obesity
  4. stress
  5. smoking
  6. poor diet
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3
Q

What is an ischemia?

A

when oxygen being delivered to the heart is insufficient to meet the needs

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4
Q

What is coronary artery disease?

A

atherosclerosis (build of plaque) and arteriosclerosis (hardening of arteries during aging)

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5
Q

What is Angina pectoris?

A

episodic, reversible oxygen insufficiency

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6
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

severe, prolonged lack of oxygen –> kills an area of heart muscle

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7
Q

What is the goal of therapeutic agents for myocardial infarctions?

A

to limit DAMAGE and STOP progression

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8
Q

What are medications used to treat myocardial infarctions or angina x3? (Organonitrates and other anginal meds)

A
  1. Nitroglycerin
  2. metoprolol
  3. propanolol
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9
Q

What does Nitroglycerin do?

A
  • dilates blood vessels to decrease cardiac oxygen demands, improving blood flow
  • treats stable angina
  • decreases BP
    -prevents chest pain
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10
Q

What is the mechanistic steps for nitroglycerin?

A
  1. forms free radical NO
  2. activates guanylate cyclase in smooth muscle and other tissues
  3. dephosphorylation of myosin light chains
  4. vasodilation
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11
Q

How long after taking nitroglycerin do you get relief?

A

1-3 minutes after by max 5 minutes

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of nitroglycerin?

A

CNS related (dizzy, hypotension)

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13
Q

What are beta-adrenergic blockers meds do?

A
  • decrease heart rate
  • 3 beta receptors (B1, B2, B3)
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14
Q

What does B1 receptor do when you stimulate it with epinephrine?

A

increases cardiac conduction velocity and automaticity

increases renin release on kidneys

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15
Q

What does stimulation on B2 receptor do?

A

induces smooth muscle relaxation

induces tremors in skeletal muscle

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16
Q

What does stimulation of B3 receptor do?

A

induces lipolysis

17
Q

What beta receptors does propranolol block?

A

B1 –> decrease heart force of contraction, heart rate and renin secretion

B2 –> increase airway resistance and increase vascular resistance

18
Q

What is the “P” in cardiac heart beat graph?

A

atrial depolarization

19
Q

What is the “QRS” in cardiac heart beat graph?

A

ventricular depolarization

20
Q

What is the “T” in cardiac heart beat graph?

A

Ventricular repolarization

21
Q

look at cardiac graphs on slide 21

A
22
Q

What are the 5 classes of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

class 1. sodium channel blockers
class 2. beta blockers
class 3. potassium-channel blockers
class 4. calcium-channel blockers
class 5. miscellaneous = adenosine

23
Q

What is one Class 1a) antidysrhythmic medication?

A

quinidine sulfate

24
Q

What does quinidine do?

A
  • DECREASES speed of electrical current
    -PROLONGS period during which heart muscle cells can become electrically stimulated to contract
  • PROLONGS recovery period after contraction
25
Q

What is quinidine used for 3 things?

A
  • blocks normal effect of vagus nerve on heart
  • reduces force of contraction
  • blocks alpha receptors on the arterial smooth muscle cells
26
Q

What is the adverse effects of quinidine?

A

GI related
fibrillation probs

27
Q

What is a Class 1b) medication for antidysrhythmic?

A

phenytoin

28
Q

What is a class 2 antidysrhytmic medication?

A

propranolol

29
Q

What is a class 3 antidysrhythmic med?

A

amiodarone

30
Q

What does class 3 “amiodarone” do?

A

blocks potassium and sodium ion channels to prolong heart’s resting stage

  • delays rate of repolarization
  • prolongs action potential
  • slows speed of electrical conduction
  • reduces heart’s pacemaker
31
Q

What are the adverse effects of amiodarone?

A

GI related

32
Q

What is a calcium channel blocker medication used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias (hint: starts with Ca)?

A

verapamil –> Calan

33
Q

What does calcium channel blocker do?

A
  • blocks calcium channels –> reduces force of contraction of muscles
34
Q

What does Verapamil do?

A

acts on AV node to slow conduction

stabilizes dysrhythmias

treats angina and hypertension

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of Verapamil?

A

GI related

CV related

HSS3106 - Pharmacology (18 decks)

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