Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HSS3106 - Pharmacology > Lecture 15-Drugs to treat hypertension, CVD, CHF, and Hyperlipidemia > Flashcards

Lecture 15-Drugs to treat hypertension, CVD, CHF, and Hyperlipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 factors that affect BP?

A
  1. Cardiac output
  2. stroke volume
  3. peripheral resistance
  4. blood volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is normal BP?

A

120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 7 antihypertensive agents?

A
  1. Calcium channel blockers
  2. beta-blockers
  3. ACE inhibitors
  4. Angiotensin-receptor blockers
  5. Diuretics
  6. Vasodilators
  7. Central and peripherally acting blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do?

A

slow heart rate
reduce conduction irritability
dilate vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is one calcium channel blocker used as an antihypertensive (hint: trade name starts with Ca)?

A

verapamil - Calan (covered in lecture 14)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

primarly block B1 and B2 receptors

block effect of norepinephrine and epinephrine –> reduce heart rate, reduce BP, constrict air passages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a “NON-SELECTIVE” beta blocker and what does it do?

A

propranolol

block B1 and B2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a “SELECTIVE” beta blocker and what does it do?

A

metoprolol

Primarily block B1 –> affects heart NOT air passages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an alpha blocker used to treat hypertension?

A

labetalol –> Trandate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are Alpha blockers selective or non-selective?

A

selective –> A1 primarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the adverse effects of alpha and beta blockers?

A

CNS related (dizzy, headache)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors do as antihypertensives?

A

decrease formation of Angiotension II
- overall decreases blood volume
- overall decreases BP

treats SEVERE hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

hypotension

CNS related

renal problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are two ACE inhibitors used to treat hypertension?

A
  1. enalapril
  2. ramipril
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are ARBs?

A

block receptors of angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle
overall:
- block vasoconstriction
- block aldosterone secretion

treats:
- hypertension
- CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What ARB medication should we know for hypertension?

A
  1. candesartan –> Atacand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 classes of Diuretics used for hypertension?

A
  1. Thiazide-type
  2. Loop
  3. Potassium-sparing
  4. Acetazolamide and mannitol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is each class distinguished for diuretics?

A

site at which they impair sodium reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is thizaide-type diruetics impairing sodium reabsorption?

A

distal tubule

connecting segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do thizaide-type diuretics do?

A

increase urinary excretion of sodium and water
increase excretion of chloride, potassium and bicarbonate ions
inhibit sodium-chloride transporter in distal tubule of kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are two thiazide direutic medications for hypertension?

A
  1. chlorothiazide
  2. chlorothalidone
22
Q

Where is loop diruetics impairing sodium reabsorption?

A

thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

23
Q

Are loop diruetics very powerful?

A

YES!!!

24
Q

What is a loop diuretic med for hypertension?

A

furosemide –> Lasix

25
Q

Where is potassium Sparing diruetics impairing sodium reabsorption?

A

collecting tubule or distal convoluted tubule

26
Q

What does potassium sparing diuretics do?

A

compete with aldosterone for receptor sites OR block sodium channels

27
Q

What is a potassium sparing diuretic medication?

A

spironolactone –> Aldactone

28
Q

What do vasodilators do for hypertension?

A
  • relax vascular smooth muscle
  • used with beta-blockers and diuretics
29
Q

What are the adverse effects of vasodilators?

A

Headache
dizzy
nausea
CV related

30
Q

What are two vasodilators used to treat hypertension?

A
  1. fenoldopam —> Corlopam
  2. minoxidil —> Loniten
31
Q

What do “centrally acting Adrenergic Blockers” do for hypertension?

A

reduce hyperactivity in medulla oblongata in brain
overall reduce vascular resistance and cardiac output

32
Q

What are the adverse effects of “centrally acting Adrenergic Blockers” meds?

A
  • CV related (hypotension)
  • CNS related (headache, dizzy)
33
Q

What is the name of a “centrally acting Adrenergic Blockers” used to treat hypertension?

A

Clonidine –> Catapres

34
Q

What are “peripherally acting adrenergic blockers” used for ?

A
  • inhibit norepinephrine release
  • severe hypertension
  • adverse effects are CNS and CV related
35
Q

What is the name of a “peripherally acting Adrenergic blocker” to treat hypertension?

A

doxazosin –> Cardura

36
Q

What is Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

A

heart cannot pump enough blood to the body’s other organs

–> insufficent rate

–> kidneys retain sodium and water

–> fluid accumulates in interstitial space

37
Q

What are the 7 types of drugs used to treat CHF?

A
  1. ACE inhibitors –> blood flows more easily
  2. vasodilators –> blood flows more easily
  3. Beta blockers –> improve pumping of lower left chamber
  4. Digitalis –> increase pumping action of heart
  5. Beta-agonists –> improve cardiac performance
  6. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors –> increase force of heart contraction result in vasodilation
  7. diuretics –> decreases plasma volume to eliminate excess salt and water
38
Q

What is the one medication to know for treatment of CHF?

A
  1. cardioglycosides
    - digoxin
39
Q

What do Cardiac Glycosides do?

A

increasing cell calcium concentration to enhance contractility of cardiac muscle

DOES NOT REVERSE CHF

40
Q

What is Digoxin?

A
  • derived from foxglove (purple plant)
  • induces an increase in intracellular sodium –> influxes calcium in heart –> increases contractility
41
Q

What is Hyperlipidemia?

A

when there is elevated lipids in the blood

42
Q

What are the 4 types of meds used to treat hyperlipidemia?

A
  1. Bile Acid Sequestrants
  2. Statins
  3. Nicotinic Acid
  4. Fibric Acid Derivatives
43
Q

What is the name of a drug for “Bile Acid Sequestrants” to treat hyperlipidemia?

A

colestipol

44
Q

What do “Bile Acid Sequestrants” do?

A

increases binding of cholesterol to bile acids –> lowers LDLs , increases HDLs

45
Q

What is the name of two drugs for “statins” to treat hyperlipidemia?

A
  1. atorvastatin
  2. rosuvastatin
46
Q

What do “statins” do?

A

inhibit HMG CoA reductase –> lowers cholesterol

Reduces LDL

Increases HDL

47
Q

should you take grapefruit/ grapefruit juice when taking simavastatin?

A

NO!!!!

48
Q

What does Nicotinic acid do?

A

reduces LDL
increases HDL
reduces cholesterol

49
Q

What is the name of drug in “fibric acid derivatives” used to treat hyperlipidemia?

A
  1. clofibrate
50
Q

What does “fibric acid derivatives” do?

A

stimulate cellular fatty acid uptake , conversion to acyl-CoA derivatives, and catabolims by the beta-oxidation pathways

overall –> lower LDL, increase HDL, lower triglycerides

51
Q

what is common adverse effects with medications for hyperlipidemia?

A

GI probs (constipation, nausea, farting)

HSS3106 - Pharmacology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions