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MSK I > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of C1?

A

Atlas

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2
Q

What is the name of C2?

A

Axis

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3
Q

What are the three ligaments of the atlas and axis?

A

Cruciate ligament

alar ligament

apical ligament

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4
Q

What does the cruciate ligament do?

A

holds the dens in place during rotation of the head (has three bands)

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5
Q

Alar ligament placement?

A

laterally from dens to the skull

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6
Q

Apical ligament placement?

A

This ligament is deep to the cruciate ligament

attaches the dens to the skull

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7
Q

What does the movement of all three Atlanto-axial joints allow?

A

The movement of the head side to side

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8
Q

What joint allows for the head to nod?

A

The atlanto-occipital joint

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9
Q

What happens if the transverse ligament (cruciate) of the atlas ruptures?

A

The dens or the odontoid process with push against the spinal cord and may cause injury

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10
Q

What are the five spinal ligaments?

A
  1. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  2. Posterior longitudinal ligament
  3. ligamentum flavum
  4. Interspinous ligament
  5. supraspinous ligament
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11
Q

What do the five spinal ligaments do?

A

allow for the flexion and extension of the spine, while keeping the bones aligned (support)

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12
Q

Kyphosis?

A

an abnormal increase in the thoracic curvature, leading to a posterior protrusion of the spine

“hunchback”

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13
Q

Lordosis?

A

The anterior tilting of the pelvis with an increased inward curve of the spine in the lumbar region.

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14
Q

Scoliosis?

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

common in young adults

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15
Q

How many cervical nerves are there? How are they laid out?

A

8 cervical nerves

nerves will exit above their respected spinal vertebra

cervical nerve 1 will exit above C1

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16
Q

What happens with cervical nerve 8?

A

Only 7 cervical vertebra, thus cervical nerve 8 will exit below vertebra 7

17
Q

How many thoracic nerves and how do they exit?

A

their are 12 thoracic nerves

they all exit below their respected vertebra

18
Q

How many lumbar nerves and how do they exit?

A

5 lumbar nerves

all exit below respected vertebra

19
Q

How many sacral nerves and how do they exit?

A

5 sacral nerves and below

20
Q

How many coccygeal nerve(s)?

A

1 nerve

21
Q

Where are two enlargements found?

A

There is a cervical enlargement and a lumbar enlargement

22
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

between lumbar 1 and 2

23
Q

What is the area called where the spinal cord ends?

A

Conus medullaris

24
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

a bundle of spinal nerves that consist of the 2-5 lumbar nerves, 1-5 sacral nerves, and the coccygeal nerve

arise from the lumbar enlargement and the conus medullaris

25
Q

What artery is used to supply the lower lumbar and sacral parts of the spine?

A

Artery of adamkiewicz

Great anterior segmental medullary artery

26
Q

What are the arteries of the spine?

A
  1. vertebral artery
  2. posterior intercostal artery
  3. lumbar artery
  4. lateral sacral artery
27
Q

Where do the spinous veins drain?

A

The internal vertebral venous plexus (Batson’s)

located in the epidural space

28
Q

When does the Dural sac end?

A

S2

29
Q

When does the filum terminale end

A

coccyx

30
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

21 pairs of fibrous strips of pia mater that extends from the craniovertebral junction to T12 (superior fibers), and inferior fibers run from conus medullaris to T12 and L1.

Separates the ventral and dorsal rootlets from each other and helps to hold the spinal cord in place

31
Q

What is a lumbar puncture and where is it done?

A

procedure to draw out CSF from the lumbar cistern for diagnostic and/or therapeutic reasons

the best area is L4/L5 (for both adults and children)

32
Q

What layers do the needle go through during a lumbar puncture?

A
  1. the skin
  2. subcutaneous tissue
  3. supraspinous ligament
  4. interspinous ligament
  5. ligamentum flavum
  6. epidural space
  7. dura mater
  8. arachnoid space
    9 .subarachnoid space
33
Q

What are the two “pops” during a lumbar puncture?

A

1st - ligamentum flavum

2nd - penetrates the dura

MSK I (23 decks)

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