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MSK I > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A
  1. confers shape, flexibility, and elasticity
  2. shock absorber
  3. tensile strength
  4. model for long bone formation
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2
Q

characterize the chondroblasts?

A

chrondrogenic cells give rise to this type of cell

these cells are located just beneath the perichondrium

chondroblasts are ovoid and positioned in a specific way

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3
Q

What do chrondroblasts do?

A

they synthesize cartilage matrix

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4
Q

What is the space called that chondroblasts occupy?

A

lacuna

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5
Q

Explain chrondocytes?

A

These are matured chondroblasts

they are located deeper than the chondroblasts and are more spherical

they form isogenous groups

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6
Q

Explain chondroclasts?

A

originate from monocytes

their role is to remodel cartilage

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7
Q

What does a TEM of a chondrocyte look like?

A

irregular chondrocyte surface

extensive golgi and rER

euchromatic nucleus

lipid droplets and glycogen deposits

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8
Q

the ECM of cartilage?

A

makes up 95 percent of cartilage volume

composed of amorphous ground substance and type II fibers

A lot of GAGs and proteoglycans

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9
Q

What are three types of matrix?

A
  1. capsular matrix - matrix adjacent to the chondrocyte
  2. territorial matrix - matrix found around isogenous groups
  3. interterritorial matrix - matrix in-between isogenous groups
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10
Q

What is the composition of the capsular matrix?

A

Highest concentration of sulfated proteoglycans,
hyaluronan, biglycans, and several multiadhesive
glycoproteins.

Less collagen fibers
Basophilic staining with H/E

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11
Q

What is the composition of the interterritorial matrix?

A

A mixture between territorial and capsular

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12
Q

What is the composition of the territorial matrix?

A

Randomly arranged network of type II collagen fibrils
with smaller quantities of type IX collagen.

Lower concentration of sulfated proteoglycans
Less basophilic than the capsular matrix

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13
Q

What is the perichondrium? what are the two layers?

A

connective tissue that covers the entire cartilage

two layers:

  1. outer fibrous layer
  2. inner cellular layer
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14
Q

explain the outer fibrous layer of the perichondrium?

A

contain fibroblasts
type I collagen
blood vessels

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15
Q

What is the inner cellular layer of the perichondrium?

A

source of chondroblasts

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16
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. hyaline
  2. elastic
  3. fibrocartilage
17
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

nose

tracheal and bronchial rings

fetal skeleton

epiphyseal growth plate

laryngeal cartilages

18
Q

all about hyaline cartilage?

A

histogenesis: mesenchymal cells
cells: chondroblasts and chondrocytes

ECM: type II fibers and GAGs

growth: appositional and interstitial
degeneration: does not readily degenerate
calcification: calcifies- bone formation and aging

19
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage:

A
  1. support
  2. cushioning
  3. shock absorber
  4. growth plate
  5. model for bone formation
20
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

occurs from chondrogenic cells in the perichondrium differentiating into chondroblasts, forming a new
layer of cartilage around the periphery of the existing cartilage

21
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

occurs only in young cartilage from cell divisions within the cartilage

22
Q

What is regeneration like in hyaline cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage regenerates very poorly and often the perichondrium forms scar tissue

23
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

A type of hyaline cartilage found at articular surfaces

does not have a perichondrium

24
Q

What are the four regions of articular cartilage?

A
  1. tangential layer
  2. transitional layer
  3. radial layer
  4. calcified cartilage
25
Q

All about elastic cartilage:

A

Histogenesis: mesenchymal cells

cells: chondroblasts and chondrocytes

ECM: Type II fiber and elastic fibers and GAGs/glycoproteins

Growth: appositional and interstitial

degeneration: does not ready degenerate
calcification: never occurs

26
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage and where is it located?

A

support with flexibility

location:
pinna of the ear
epiglottis
Eustachian tube

27
Q

Where is fibrocartilage located?

A

the spinal column

attachment of ligament to bone

pubic symphysis

28
Q

All about fibrocartilage?

A

histogenesis: mesenchymal cells
cells: Fibroblasts transform to chondrocytes under stress

ECM : Has mainly type I fibers, some type II, and GAGs

Growth: Only interstitial growth (No perichrondrium)

can undergo calcification

isogenous groups are usually linear

29
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

Resists deformation under stress

support and tensile strength

MSK I (23 decks)

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