Lecture 13

Question 1

Boundaries of the axilla?

Answer 1

anterior: pectoralis major and minor
posterior: teres major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis
medial: serratus anterior, ribs
lateral: intertubercular groove of the humerus
floor: axillary fascia

Question 2

Function of the serratus anterior?

innervation?

Answer 2

Function:
rotates the scapula upward to allow for the arm to lift above 90 degrees
protract the scapula to keep the medial border against the thoracic wall.

innervation: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
clinical: winged scapula

Question 3

Pectoralis major function and innervation?

Answer 3

function:
flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm

innervation:
medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 4

Pectoralis minor function and innervation?

Answer 4

function:
pulls the tip of the shoulder down

innervation: medial pectoral nerve

Question 5

Subscapularis function and innervation?

Answer 5

function:
medial rotation of the arm

innervation:
upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 6

teres major function and innervation?

Answer 6

function:
medial rotation, adduction, and extension of the arm

innervation:
lower subscapular nerve

Question 7

posterior scapular spaces?

what are they? what do they contain?

Answer 7

triangular space: circumflex scapular artery

quadrangular space: axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery

triangular interval: radial nerve and deep brachial artery

Question 8

What are the three parts of the subclavian artery?

VIT C&D

Answer 8

1st part:
vertebral
internal thoracic
thyrocervical (Transverse cervical and suprascapular)

2nd:
costocervical

3rd:
dorsal scapular

Question 9

What are the three parts of the axillary artery?

Answer 9

proximal: superior thoracic artery
posterior: thoraco-acromial (acromial, pectoral, clavicular, deltoid) and lateral thoracic

Distal: Subscapular (thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular), posterior and anterior circumflex humeral arteries

Question 10

How can blood get to the arm and forearm when there is blockage or ligation of the axillary artery?

Answer 10

dorsal scapular, circumflex scapular, and suprascapular

scapular anastomosis

Question 11

What is the axillary vein formed from?

when does it begin and end?

Answer 11

formed by the basilic vein and brachial veins

begins at the inferior margin of the teres major and ends at the lateral border of first rib

Question 12

Apical nodes?

Answer 12

most superior lymph nodes

receive lymph from all other axillary nodes

Question 13

central nodes?

Answer 13

receive lymph from anterior, lateral, and posterior groups

Question 14

Lateral nodes?

Answer 14

receive lymph from medial aspect of the upper limb

Question 15

Posterior nodes?

anterior nodes?

Answer 15

get lymph from posterior thoracic wall, back, and posterior shoulder

get lymph from anterior thoracic wall and breast.