Lecture 22

Question 1

linea alba? linea semilunlaris?

Answer 1

Linea alba - midline attachment of abdominal muscle aponeuroses

Linea semilunlaris - lateral border of the rectus sheath

Question 2

dermatomes of the xiphoid process, umbilicus, and pubis?

Answer 2

xiphoid = T7

umbilicus = T10

pubis = L1

Question 3

layers of the superficial abdominal fasica?

Answer 3

2 layers:
camper’s fascia: external and mainly fat
males lose most of its fat, but females do not

scarpa’s fascia: deeper and mainly membranous
continues into the thigh and fuses with fascia lata (deep fascia of thigh)

attaches firmly to the linea alba and public symphysis

scarpa’s fascia is renamed to colles’ fascia went it is perineal

Question 4

External oblique

Answer 4

action:
bilateral- anterior flexion of trunk
unilateral - lateral flexion and rotation

innervation: segmental nerves (T7-T12)

the inferior edge of this muscle forms the inguinal ligament

Question 5

The inguinal ligament

Answer 5

it goes from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the pubic tubercle

medial part reflected laterally and dorsally is the lacunar ligament

Question 6

Internal oblique

Answer 6

function:
bilateral - anterior flexion of the trunk
unilateral - lateral flexion and rotation

Innervation: segmental nerves (T7-T12 and L1)

Question 7

Transverse abdominus

Answer 7

function:
compress and support abdominal viscera
innervation: segmental nerves (T7-T12 and L1)

Question 8

pyramidalis

Answer 8

function:
tenses the linea alba
innervation: T12

Question 9

lymph drainage

Answer 9

above umbilicus = axillary

below umbilicus = inguinal

Question 10

What is the importance of McBurney’s point?

Answer 10

2/3 between the ASIS and umbilicus

done for appendectomy

avoids nerves

Question 11

Inguinal canal boundaries?

Answer 11

anterior wall = external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

floor: inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

posterior wall: transversalis fascia

Roof: inferior edge of anterior abdominal oblique, transverse abdominal, and conjoint tendon

Question 12

Hesselbach’s triangle

Answer 12

medial border: lateral edge of the rectus sheath

inferior border: inguinal ligament

lateral border: inferior epigastric artery

Question 13

Direct vs indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 13

Direct:
Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels (Only through the superficial ring)
Acquired by strain - picking up a heavy object

Indirect: (will not transilluminate)
Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels (Passes through both deep and superficial rings)

Congenital (Patent processus vaginalis)

Question 14

hydrocele

Answer 14

collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis
usually in infants
transilluminate will show fluid