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Semester 3-AHNNA > Lecture 7&8-Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Lecture 7&8-Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

Describe the course of the olfactory nerve

A

Top of nasal epithelium -> cribriform plate in ethmoid bone -> olfactory bulbs -> olfactory tracts -> forebrain -> olfactory cortex in temporal lobe

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3
Q

How can smells trigger memories?

A

Olfactory nerve feeds into limbic system

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4
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

Smell

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5
Q

What is the medical term for loss of sense of smell?

A

Anosmia

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6
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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7
Q

What is the course of the optic nerve?

A

Retina -> optic canal -> chiasma -> primary visual cortex in occipital lobe

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8
Q

What is a swollen optic disc called?

A

Papilloedema

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9
Q

True or false: lesion before optic chiasm affects both eyes

A

FALSE - only affects one eye

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10
Q

What is bitemporal hemianopia?

A

Tunnel vision

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11
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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12
Q

What is the course of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Midbrain -> cavernous sinus -> superior orbital fissure -> orbit

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13
Q

What are the functions of the oculomotor nerve?

A
  • supplies most of extra-ocular muscles
  • supplies LPS which opens eyelid
  • autonomic fibres innervate sphincter pupillae (constricts pupil) and ciliary muscle (changes lens thickness)
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14
Q

Why is autonomic function of the oculomotor nerve affected first in damage?

A

Parasympathetic fibres are on the outside

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15
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear nerve

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16
Q

What is the course of the trochlear nerve?

A

Midbrain -> cavernous sinus -> superior orbital fissure -> orbit

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17
Q

What is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A

Supplies superior oblique muscle (moves eyeball down)

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18
Q

True or false: CN IV has the longest intracranial course of the CNs

A

TRUE

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19
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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20
Q

What is the course of trigeminal nerve?

A

Pons -> trigeminal ganglion -> 3 divisions:

1) opthalmic branch -> superior orbital fissure -> sensation to cornea of eye
2) maxillary branch -> foramen rotundum -> cheek
3) mandibular branch -> foramen ovale -> mandible (motor and sensory)

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21
Q

What are the functions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Main sensory nerve of the face

Muscles of mastication

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22
Q

True or false: the trigeminal nerve is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex

A

FALSE - afferent limb

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23
Q

Which branch of the maxillary nerve of the trigeminal nerve provides sensation to the cheek?

A

Infraorbital nerve

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24
Q

What are the three branches of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve
Mental nerve
Lingual nerve

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25
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens nerve

26
Q

What is the course of the abducens nerve?

A

Bottom of pons -> cavernous sinus -> superior orbital fissure

27
Q

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

A

Supplies lateral rectus (moves eyeball laterally)

28
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial nerve

29
Q

What is the course of the facial nerve?

A

Pons -> through petrous part of temporal bone -> internal auditory meatus -> 5 branches

30
Q

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue (SS)
  • autonomic - lacrimal gland and some salivary glands
31
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

HINT: to Zanzibar by motor car

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic 
Buccal
Mandibular 
Cervical
32
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

33
Q

What is the course of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Pons -> internal auditory meatus -> petrous bone -> cochlea -> temporal lobe

34
Q

What are the functions of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Hearing and balance

35
Q

What is presbyacusis?

A

Old-age related hearing loss (bilateral)

36
Q

What is acoustic neuroma?

A

Benign tumour of Schwann cells involving vestibulocochlear nerve

37
Q

What are the symptoms of acoustic neuroma?

A
  • unilateral hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • vertigo
  • numbness down one hand of face
38
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

39
Q

What is the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Medulla -> jugular foramen -> down neck -> parts of tongue and pharynx

40
Q

What are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  • special sensory to the middle ear, tympanic membrane, carotid body and sinus and taste and general sensory of posterior 1/3 tongue
  • autonomic to parotid gland
  • stylopharyngeus muscle
41
Q

How do you test the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  • gag reflex (sensory limb)

- tested with CN X

42
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus nerve

43
Q

What is the course of the vagus nerve?

A

Medulla -> jugular foramen -> down neck through carotid sheath, behind artery and vein -> thorax

44
Q

What are the functions of the vagus nerve?

A
  • general sensory to lower pharynx and larynx
  • muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx
  • parasympathetic to thoracic and abdominal viscera
45
Q

How do you test the function of the vagus nerve?

A
  • note speech
  • swallow and cough
  • say “ahh” observing uvula, should equally rise on both sides but will deviate away from lesion if CN X damaged
  • gag reflex (efferent limb)
46
Q

What does damage to the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve lead to?

A

Hoarseness and dysphonia

47
Q

Which artery does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve turn under?

A

Right subclavian artery

48
Q

Which artery does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve turn under?

A

Arch of aorta

49
Q

What is CN XI?

A

(Spinal) accessory nerve

50
Q

What is the course of CN XI?

A

Medulla -> jugular foramen -> spinal branch goes through foramen magnum

51
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve?

A

Motor to SCM and trapezius muscles

52
Q

How do you test the function of the accessory nerve?

A

Shrug shoulders against resistance and turn head against resistance

53
Q

True or false: the accessory nerve travels through the anterior triangle

A

FALSE - posterior triangle

54
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

55
Q

What is the course of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Medulla -> hypoglossal canal -> tongue

56
Q

What does damage to the hypoglossal nerve lead to?

A

Weakness and atrophy of the tongue muscles on the ipsilateral side

57
Q

How do you test the function of the optic nerve?

A
  • visual tests
  • pupil response/reflex
  • visual acuity tests (eg Snellen chart)
58
Q

How do you test the function of the oculomotor nerve?

A
  • pupillary light reflexes

- eye movements

59
Q

How do you test the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • sensation to face: dermatones of Va, Vb, Vc
  • muscles of mastication
  • corneal reflex (afferent limb)
60
Q

How do you test the function of the facial nerve?

A
  • muscles of facial expression

- corneal reflex (efferent limb)

61
Q

How do you test the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A
  • hearing: Rinnes and Weber’s test

- test balance

Semester 3-AHNNA (15 decks)

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