Lecture 4-Major Blood Vessels of the Head and Neck Flashcards
What does the right common carotid artery arise from?
Bifurcation of brachiocephalic trunk at the level of the right sternoclavicular joint
What does the left common carotid artery arise from?
Arch of aorta
True or false: the left and right common carotid arteries ascend up the neck medially to the trachea and oesophagus
FALSE - laterally
Where do the common carotids bifurcate into the external and internal carotid arteries?
At the level of the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage (C4) in carotid triangle
What is the difference between the carotid body and carotid sinus?
Sinus contain baroreceptors
Body contain peripheral chemoreceptors
What are the divisions of the external carotid artery? (8)
Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal
What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk and what do they supply? (4)
- Inferior thyroid (it’s in the name)
- Ascending cervical - posterior prevertebral muscles
- Transverse cervical - trapezius and rhomboid
- Suprascapular - posterior scapula
Which branches of the internal carotid artery supply the scalp and face?
Supratrochlear and supra-orbital
Which branches of the external carotid artery supply the scalp?
Superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital arteries
Which branches of the external carotid artery are the superficial arteries of the face?
Transverse facial Angular Lateral nasal Superior and inferior labial Maxillary Facial
Which two branches of the maxillary artery do we need to know?
Middle meningeal artery
Sphenopalatine
What is the blood supply to the nasal septum?
Sphenopalatine artery
Anterior ethmoidal arteries
Kiesselbach plexus
What is the blood supply to the dura?
Middle meningeal arteries
What do the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins form at the medial angle of the eye when they join?
Angular vein
Describe the venous drainage of the scalp
Veins of the scalp connect to diploic veins of the skull through emissary veins and therefore to dural venous sinuses
True or false: emissary veins are valveless
TRUE
What do deep facial veins drain into?
Pterygoid venous plexus
Which artery crosses the cavernous sinus and why?
Internal carotid artery
To allow for cooling of arterial blood before it reaches the brain
What does the external jugular vein supply?
Most of the external face
Which veins form the EJV and where?
Posterior auricular and retro mandibular veins join posterior to the angle of the mandible and inferior to the outer ear to form the EJV
The EJV travels anterior to which muscle in the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
What does the EJV drain into?
Subclavian vein
What does the internal jugular vein (IJV) begin as?
Continuation of sigmoid sinus
At the bottom of the neck, the IJV combines with the subclavian vein to form which vein?
Brachiocephalic vein
