lecture 6.2 policing below the state

Question 1

context for policing below state

Answer 1

• communities and informal social controls
• accepting the limitations of the cjs in controlling crime
• neo liberal policy shifts in 20th century, crtique big government and collective provision of public services
• responsibilised citizenship in wider social/ economic sphere
• responisbilised citizenship in crime control

Question 2

what policing form is new and growing significantly

Answer 2

community crime prevention

Question 3

examples of responsible citizenship

Answer 3

• volunteer policing (speical constabulary)
• neighbourhood watch
• community speed watch
• voluntary patrols
• crimestoppers and terrorism hotline
• guardian angels - organised citizen patrols

Question 4

how many volunteer policing officers are there

Answer 4

20,000 officers
up 20% since 2010
increased role in frontline policing

Question 5

how many neighbourhood watch schemes

Answer 5

150,000 schemes nationally
4 million households covered

Question 6

how many community speed watch volunteers and groups

Answer 6

over 600 trained volunteers
about 90 local groups

Question 7

what slogan do voluntary patrols go by

Answer 7

walking with a purpose

Question 8

information to do with guardian angels - organised citizen patrols

Answer 8

• founded 1979 new york
• safety patrol on public transport
• trained in first aid, conflict resolution and martial arts
• spread across the world but dwindled in recent years

Question 9

examples of responsible citizens and faith communities

Answer 9

street pastos
shromrim ‘guards’

Question 10

info for street pastors
when was it founded
how many volunteers/ schemes

Answer 10

• founded 2003, christian based voluntary scheme
• 9000 volunteers, 250 schemes
• welfare oriented support to police in night time economy

Question 11

info for shromrim guards

Answer 11

started in new york jewish community
london uk scheme in 3 north london boroughs
80 volunteers
visible patrol, 24 hour hotling

Question 12

what is autonomous citizenship
when is it used and how

Answer 12

vigilantism
preparing/ planning
private citizens
use or threat of force
control in conditions of instability/ disorder

Question 13

examples of autonomous citizenship

Answer 13

• paramiltiary policing NI
• anti prostitution patrols
• community response to naming and shaming of suspected paedophiles

Question 14

what policy connections for adaptive strategies does below the state policing involve (garland)

Answer 14

move towards preventive partnerships
the big society and austerity 2010-2019

Question 15

how have we moved towards preventive partnerships in policing

Answer 15

crime control sphere - growth of community crime prevention from 1980s onwards
long history of lay invovlement/ volunteering in cjs

Question 16

what examples of policing for 21st century are poliicng below the state

localising…
icreased diversity…

Answer 16

localising power and funding
increased diversity of provision

Question 17

examples of localising power and funding in policing below the state

Answer 17

• elected police and crime commissioners from 2012
• abolition of central targets for police
• increased local influence over direction and focus of policing

Question 18

examples of increased diversity of provision for policing below the state

Answer 18

• growth in special constabulary
• increased engagement/ encouragement of alternative patrol forms such as street pastors
• major cuts in funding to frontline policing

Question 19

3 key conclusions for policing below the state

Answer 19

• key developments in governance below the state have increased complexity of policing landscape
• some of these are encouraged by/ incorporated into state forms and may be seen as an extension of state authority
• some of these are new but informal social controls and policing by the public have always been an important part of maintaining social order