lecture 5.2 adaptive and punitive control in policing

Question 1

4 adaptive strategies in crime control: varieties of managerialism in policing

RCRC

Answer 1

1. rationalisation of justice/ redefining success/ defining deviance down
2. the commercialisation of justice
3. responsibilisation
4. focus upon tackling consequences of crime

Question 2

what is rationalisation of justice/ redefining success/ defining deviance down
reform examples?

Answer 2

-systems reform and rationalisation of policing
- key performance indicators and targets

Question 3

what is commercialisation of justice?

Answer 3

• privatisation
• business management methods applied to CJS

Question 4

what is responsibilisation? who is it between?

Answer 4

preventive partnerships between
- governmental bodies,
- commercial agencies and
- community sector

Question 5

what is focusing upon tackling consequences of crime?

Answer 5

• fear of crime
• customer satisfaction
  -prioritising victims

Question 6

policing adaption 1: rationalisation and systems reform
4 factors

Answer 6

1. crime management
2. professionalisation and workforce reforms
3. performance management - mid 1990s-2010
4. austerity policing 2010-

Question 7

what is crime management in rationalisation and systems reform

Answer 7

• new organisational forms e.g. crime management units
• crime screening - rationing police resources (defining deviance down)

Question 8

what does professioanlisation of policing do?
what do workforce reforms do?
what new roles does it add to the police ?

Answer 8

• workforce reforms to increase efficiency and effectiveness
• moves to make policing more like other jobs
• civilianisation and new types of police staff (police community support officers)

Question 9

what is performance management (mid 1990s-2010)

Answer 9

• policing objectives and key performance indicators
• performance targets/ league tables
• private sector management methods/ business models

Question 10

what is austerity policy (2010-)

Answer 10

• doing more with less
• collaboration between forces and with other criminal justice agencies

Question 11

adaption 2: what is the commercialisation of justice strategy
3 factors

Answer 11

1. expansion of the commercial security sector
2. contracting out of policing functions
3. commercialisation of public policing

Question 12

what 3 examples of commercialisation of public policing?

Answer 12

• internal reforms of policing services (league tables, customer service, budgetary management)
• charging for policing services (e.g. alarm response, patrol provision, policing of major events)
• sponsorship from commercial bodies

Question 13

adaptive strategy 3: responsibilisation of community
2 factors

Answer 13

1. community safety partnerships
2. harnessing community support

Question 14

3 community safety partnerships

Answer 14

• crime and disorder act 1998
• multi-agency partnerships
• community/ neighbourhood policing

Question 15

what is community support for the police?

Answer 15

• special constabulary
• community self policing e.g. police volunteers, civilian patrols, neighbourhood watch

Question 16

adaptive strategies 4: concentrating on consequences of crime
3 examples of police work

Answer 16

• reassurance policing and tackling fear of crime
• the language and practices of customer services
• prioritising victims in the CJS

Question 17

2 varieties of punitive control

Answer 17

1. expressive responses
2. punitive segregation

Question 18

4 factors in expressive responses

Answer 18

• denial about limitations to state power to control crime
• politicisation of crime control
• acting out: tough political rhetoric/ soundbites and emotional tone
• privileging of public opinion

Question 19

factors in punitive segregation

Answer 19

• harsher sentencing
• focus on incapacitation of dangerous/ high risk offenders

Question 20

how is denial of police limitations in crime control projected

Answer 20

• continued political projection of police as crime fighters
• policing innovations focused on crime control

Question 21

What is the politicisation of expressive responses in police

Answer 21

-growing ideological conflict on policing from 1970s
- policing still looms large in elections

Question 22

punitive political rhetoric and soundbites

Answer 22

• zero tolerance rhetoric periodically deployed by polticians
• calls for rebalancing the cjs

Question 23

populism and privileging public opinion introduced what role in 2012

Answer 23

• intro of elected police and crime commissioners in 2012-power to the people?

Question 24

3 examples of shift to more punitive policing policies

Answer 24

• changing balances of powers in crime investigation
• reduction in internal bureaucratic controls over stop and search (and increasing numbers of stops in recent years)
• extension of policing powers in relation to public protest and to counter terrorism

Question 25

conclusions for policing, adaption and the culture of control

Answer 25

• rise of various forms of managerialism clearly visible
• post 2010 attack on target cultures moved away from some aspects of adaptive strategieS
• other aspects more strongly promoted
• de facto acceptance of limited role of state in providing policing?

Question 26

conclusions for policing, punitive control and the culture of control over the years

Answer 26

• growth of police powers
• enduring symbolic politics of policing e.g 2019 election
• police and crime commissioners: enhancing potential for local democratic populist influences