lecture 5.2 adaptive and punitive control in policing Flashcards
4 adaptive strategies in crime control: varieties of managerialism in policing
RCRC
- rationalisation of justice/ redefining success/ defining deviance down
- the commercialisation of justice
- responsibilisation
- focus upon tackling consequences of crime
what is rationalisation of justice/ redefining success/ defining deviance down
reform examples?
-systems reform and rationalisation of policing
- key performance indicators and targets
what is commercialisation of justice?
- privatisation
- business management methods applied to CJS
what is responsibilisation? who is it between?
preventive partnerships between
- governmental bodies,
- commercial agencies and
- community sector
what is focusing upon tackling consequences of crime?
- fear of crime
- customer satisfaction
-prioritising victims
policing adaption 1: rationalisation and systems reform
4 factors
- crime management
- professionalisation and workforce reforms
- performance management - mid 1990s-2010
- austerity policing 2010-
what is crime management in rationalisation and systems reform
- new organisational forms e.g. crime management units
- crime screening - rationing police resources (defining deviance down)
what does professioanlisation of policing do?
what do workforce reforms do?
what new roles does it add to the police ?
- workforce reforms to increase efficiency and effectiveness
- moves to make policing more like other jobs
- civilianisation and new types of police staff (police community support officers)
what is performance management (mid 1990s-2010)
- policing objectives and key performance indicators
- performance targets/ league tables
- private sector management methods/ business models
what is austerity policy (2010-)
- doing more with less
- collaboration between forces and with other criminal justice agencies
adaption 2: what is the commercialisation of justice strategy
3 factors
- expansion of the commercial security sector
- contracting out of policing functions
- commercialisation of public policing
what 3 examples of commercialisation of public policing?
- internal reforms of policing services (league tables, customer service, budgetary management)
- charging for policing services (e.g. alarm response, patrol provision, policing of major events)
- sponsorship from commercial bodies
adaptive strategy 3: responsibilisation of community
2 factors
- community safety partnerships
- harnessing community support
3 community safety partnerships
- crime and disorder act 1998
- multi-agency partnerships
- community/ neighbourhood policing
what is community support for the police?
- special constabulary
- community self policing e.g. police volunteers, civilian patrols, neighbourhood watch
adaptive strategies 4: concentrating on consequences of crime
3 examples of police work
- reassurance policing and tackling fear of crime
- the language and practices of customer services
- prioritising victims in the CJS
2 varieties of punitive control
- expressive responses
- punitive segregation
4 factors in expressive responses
- denial about limitations to state power to control crime
- politicisation of crime control
- acting out: tough political rhetoric/ soundbites and emotional tone
- privileging of public opinion
factors in punitive segregation
- harsher sentencing
- focus on incapacitation of dangerous/ high risk offenders
how is denial of police limitations in crime control projected
- continued political projection of police as crime fighters
- policing innovations focused on crime control
What is the politicisation of expressive responses in police
-growing ideological conflict on policing from 1970s
- policing still looms large in elections
punitive political rhetoric and soundbites
- zero tolerance rhetoric periodically deployed by polticians
- calls for rebalancing the cjs
populism and privileging public opinion introduced what role in 2012
- intro of elected police and crime commissioners in 2012-power to the people?
3 examples of shift to more punitive policing policies
- changing balances of powers in crime investigation
- reduction in internal bureaucratic controls over stop and search (and increasing numbers of stops in recent years)
- extension of policing powers in relation to public protest and to counter terrorism
conclusions for policing, adaption and the culture of control
- rise of various forms of managerialism clearly visible
- post 2010 attack on target cultures moved away from some aspects of adaptive strategieS
- other aspects more strongly promoted
- de facto acceptance of limited role of state in providing policing?
conclusions for policing, punitive control and the culture of control over the years
- growth of police powers
- enduring symbolic politics of policing e.g 2019 election
- police and crime commissioners: enhancing potential for local democratic populist influences
