lecture 6.1 policing beyond the state - commercialization of policing and security

Question 1

commercialised policing as part of an adaptive strategy
what is crime to be managed liked
3 strategies

Answer 1

• adaptive responses in crime control- crime as a risk to be managed rather than an enemy to be defeated
• responsibilisation: deliberate redistribution of responsibility for crime control to actors outside of the cjs
• commercialisation of justice
• new crime control mentalities: economic ways of thinking about crime

Question 2

forms of commercial policing - the commercial security industry

Answer 2

• security guarding - contract and in house
• private investigators
• security equipment
• private military services

Question 3

what do commercial security industry do in commercial policing

Answer 3

everything the public police do plus some more besides
- crime investigation
- order maintenance
- public patrol/ reassurance
- emergency response
- law enforcement
- guarding prisoners
- range of service function

Question 4

rise of private security
who does the policing

Answer 4

• growth of numbers of private policing agents - overtook employment in public policy in 1960s

Question 5

rise of private security
where does policing occur

Answer 5

• growing spatial remit of commercial security - now operating in public spaces

Question 6

rise of private security
what does policing involve
growing functional remit of…

Answer 6

• growing functional remit of commercial security, expansion in to core areas of public policing e.g. patrol, prisoner guarding, crime investigation

Question 7

rise of private security
how is policing done

Answer 7

• risk management and the expansion of new technologies and security hardware

Question 8

explaining growth of commercial security?

Answer 8

1. demand and supply
2. government policy: privatisation of public policing functions
3. mass private property
4. late modernity and capitalist societies

Question 9

demand and supply for police
what % cuts in 2010
what was the impact of these cuts

Answer 9

• austerity - 20% cut in policing funding 2010-19
• significant fall in police numbers after 2010 - now being reversed
• but commercial policing continued to grow alongside massive expansion in public police resourcing up to 2010

Question 10

government policy: what privatisation of public policing functions are there
types of roles
contracts?
statutes?

Answer 10

• prisoner and court escort/ guarding, detention officers, parking controls
• major programmes of out sourcing - lincolshire contract with G4S
• statutory regulation of commercial security: the private security act 2001

Question 11

mass private property - shearing and stenning 1981

Answer 11

• private shopping centres, gated communities, leisure parks
• recent debates in uk about privatisation of public space e.g. garden bridge in london, alexendra gardens in cardifff

Question 12

explaining the growth of commercial security in late modernity and capitalist socities - garland 2001

Answer 12

• risk and insecurity
• commodification of policing

Question 13

the privatisation of public space: policing new communal spaces

Answer 13

-shopping centres
- gated communities
- sports stadiums

Question 14

commercialised policing logics

Answer 14

• instrumental logic - focus on costs, efficiency, loss prevention
• forward looking, preventive and proactive
  -hidden, consensual and embedded forms of policing - emphasis on new surveillance technologies, customer service

Question 15

traditional policing logics

Answer 15

-symbolic/ emotive and moral focus of traditional public policing
- reactive/ retrospective traditional focus on enforcement, detection, punishment
- overt and demonstrative aspects of public policing

Question 16

how are the police marketised?
what do they sell?
what techniques?
what do they use developed from the commercial sector?

Answer 16

• new management approaches/ languages
• selling policing services/ private sponsorship
• proactive policing and risk management techniques
• police use of new technologies developed in the commercial sector e.g. cctv, drones, facial recgonition

Question 17

what increased public jobs of commercial security are there

Answer 17

• commercial provision in public police forces (front office, guarding prisoners, victim statements
• guarding of government buildings e.g. courts and prisoner escorts
• increased deployment in public spaces - town centres and public parks

Question 18

conclusion for commercial policing

Answer 18

• commercialisation of policing has contributed to a more complex and fragmented policing landscape
• commercial policing has expanded numerically, spatially and functionally over decades
• public police have themselves been marketised
• public policing still retains some important areas of dominance and remains symbolically dominant in terms of public and political perceptions
• emerging reassertion of public policing since 2019