Lecture 6 - Histological Interpretation

Question 1

What is a biopsy?

Answer 1

Thin cord of tissue extracted (needle)

Question 2

What is the purpose of a biopsy?

Answer 2

Diagnose a disease process
Monitor disease progression and response to treatment

Question 3

What is a resection?

Answer 3

When part of or a full organ is removed

Question 4

What is the purpose of a resection?

Answer 4

Usually done after a biopsy or diagnosis

Question 5

What is immunohistochemistry?

Answer 5

When antibodies are used to label tissues to help interpret an image

Question 6

What is a low power image?

Answer 6

Image that is not zoomed in very far

Question 7

Why is histology important clinically?

Answer 7

Used to see if something is benign or malignant
If its benign is it an infection/inflammation
If its malignant what type of cancer is it, what stage/grade, has it all been removed?

Question 8

What colour does Haematoxylin stain in the H&E stain?

Answer 8

Purple/blue

Question 9

What colour does Eosin stain in the H&E stain?

Answer 9

Pink/red

Question 10

What component of H&E stains nuclei and what colour does it stain?

Answer 10

Haematoxylin
Purple/blue

Question 11

What stains the cytoplasm and ECM in H&E staining and what colour does it stain?

Answer 11

Pink/red

Question 12

What is histology?

Answer 12

Biopsy/resection of tissue/organ (many cells)

Question 13

What is cytology?

Answer 13

Looks at individual cells

Question 14

What are the features of histology?

Answer 14

Invasive
Expensive
Timely
More accurate than Cytology

Can do special tests

Question 15

What are the features of cytology?

Answer 15

Can only determine if a mass is benign or malignant

Less invasive
Cheap
Quick
Less accurate than histology

Question 16

Is a cervical smear test histology or cytology?

Answer 16

Cytology

Question 17

How many lobes does a neutrophils nucleus have?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

What does an eosinophil look like?

Answer 18

Tomato with sunglasses
Bi-lobed
Granular red cytoplasm

Question 19

What does a lymphocyte look like?

Answer 19

Very large nucleus very little cytoplasm

Question 20

What does a macrophage look like?

Answer 20

Foamy cytoplasm contain debris

Question 21

Where is epithelium found?

Answer 21

Lining all mucosal surface which are internal surfaces that open to the external world

Question 22

What is the vernal role of epithelium?

Answer 22

Protection
Secretion
Absorption

Question 23

What is a carcinoma?

Answer 23

Common type of cancer arising from epithelium

Question 24

What is a sarcoma?

Answer 24

Cancer originating from mesenchymal cells

Question 25

Where are cuboidal epithelium found?

Answer 25

Thyroid

Question 26

Where is transitional epithelium found?

Answer 26

Bladder

Question 27

What is special about transitional epithelium?

Answer 27

Change shape to accommodate bladder stretching

Question 28

How can you tell a neoplasm is benign?

Answer 28

Well circumscribed
Doesnt invade
No necrosis
Uniform nuclear features

Question 29

How can you tell a neoplasm is malignant?

Answer 29

Irregular borders
Invades into other tissues
Nucelar pleomorphism
Necrosis

Question 30

What is a pleomorphism?

Answer 30

Nuclei all look different

Question 31

What is Adenocarcinoma?

Answer 31

Cancer arising from glandular epithelia

Question 32

What is granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 32

Chronic inflammation with a collection of macrophages and Multinucleate giant cells surrounded by lymphocytes

Question 33

What is apoptosis?

Answer 33

Individual programmed cell death

Question 34

What visibility happens to apoptotic cells?

Answer 34

They shrink individually (no inflammation)

Question 35

What is necrosis?

Answer 35

Pathological
Large groups of cells