Lecture 6 - Histological Interpretation Flashcards
What is a biopsy?
Thin cord of tissue extracted (needle)
What is the purpose of a biopsy?
Diagnose a disease process
Monitor disease progression and response to treatment
What is a resection?
When part of or a full organ is removed
What is the purpose of a resection?
Usually done after a biopsy or diagnosis
What is immunohistochemistry?
When antibodies are used to label tissues to help interpret an image
What is a low power image?
Image that is not zoomed in very far
Why is histology important clinically?
Used to see if something is benign or malignant
If its benign is it an infection/inflammation
If its malignant what type of cancer is it, what stage/grade, has it all been removed?
What colour does Haematoxylin stain in the H&E stain?
Purple/blue
What colour does Eosin stain in the H&E stain?
Pink/red
What component of H&E stains nuclei and what colour does it stain?
Haematoxylin
Purple/blue
What stains the cytoplasm and ECM in H&E staining and what colour does it stain?
Pink/red
What is histology?
Biopsy/resection of tissue/organ (many cells)
What is cytology?
Looks at individual cells
What are the features of histology?
Invasive
Expensive
Timely
More accurate than Cytology
Can do special tests
What are the features of cytology?
Can only determine if a mass is benign or malignant
Less invasive
Cheap
Quick
Less accurate than histology
Is a cervical smear test histology or cytology?
Cytology
How many lobes does a neutrophils nucleus have?
3
What does an eosinophil look like?
Tomato with sunglasses
Bi-lobed
Granular red cytoplasm
What does a lymphocyte look like?
Very large nucleus very little cytoplasm
What does a macrophage look like?
Foamy cytoplasm contain debris
Where is epithelium found?
Lining all mucosal surface which are internal surfaces that open to the external world
What is the vernal role of epithelium?
Protection
Secretion
Absorption
What is a carcinoma?
Common type of cancer arising from epithelium
What is a sarcoma?
Cancer originating from mesenchymal cells
Where are cuboidal epithelium found?
Thyroid
Where is transitional epithelium found?
Bladder
What is special about transitional epithelium?
Change shape to accommodate bladder stretching
How can you tell a neoplasm is benign?
Well circumscribed
Doesnt invade
No necrosis
Uniform nuclear features
How can you tell a neoplasm is malignant?
Irregular borders
Invades into other tissues
Nucelar pleomorphism
Necrosis
What is a pleomorphism?
Nuclei all look different
What is Adenocarcinoma?
Cancer arising from glandular epithelia
What is granulomatous inflammation?
Chronic inflammation with a collection of macrophages and Multinucleate giant cells surrounded by lymphocytes
What is apoptosis?
Individual programmed cell death
What visibility happens to apoptotic cells?
They shrink individually (no inflammation)
What is necrosis?
Pathological
Large groups of cells
