Lecture 18 - Neoplasia 6 Flashcards
What is cancer screening?
When cancers with a significant burden are screened for
Attempts to detect cancers as early as possible
What are the benefits of cancer screening?
-Detect problem early before patient has any symptoms
-Treatment more effective if the problem is detected early
-reduce number of deaths from screened diseases
-can help individuals make better informed decisions about their health
What are the risks/limitations of cancer screening?
-False positives + false negatives
-some results can lead to difficult decisions
-anxiety associated with knowledge of a health problem
-person could get a -ve but later go onto develop condition
What is a normal (screen negative) screening result?
Low risk of having the condition you were screened for
What is a high risk (screen positive) screening result?
May have condition you’ve been tested
Further tests give to confirm this
What is a false positive screening result?
Someone with a. Positive screening result who does not have the target condition
What is a false negative screening result?
Someone with a negative screening result who DOES have the target condition
What is sensitivity for a screening programme?
What does it mean if a test is highly sensitive?
Ability of the screening test to identify people with the conditions as positive
Highly sensitive = few false negatives
What is specificity for a screening programme?
What does it mean if a test is highly specific?
Ability of the screening programme to identify healthy people as negative
Highly specific test = few false positives
What are the 3 most common screening programmes?
Breast cancer
Cervical cancer
Colorectal cancer
Who are normally screened for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
Men over 65yrs
How frequently do women between the ages of 47-73 yrs receive mammograms?
Every 3yrs
How frequently are women between ages 25-49 screened for cervical cancer?
Every 3 years
How frequently are women aged 50-64yrs old screened for cervical cancer?
Every 5 years
What are home test kits for bowel cancer screening looking for in men and women between 60-74?
Blood in faeces
What is being screened for in babies between 10-12 weeks old?
What causes these diseases?
Down’s syndrome (Trisomy Chromosome 21)
Pataus syndrome (Trisomy Chromosome 13)
Edward syndrome (Trisomy Chromosome 18)