Lecture 19 -Basic Molecular Pathology Flashcards
How can a tumour biopsy be obtained for a central lung tumour?
How can a tumour biopsy be obtained for a peripheral lung tumour?
Central = Brochoscope
Peripheral = anaesthetic + needle through chest guided by ultrasound
What type of scan can be given to se if a malignancy has spread
PET scan
Positron Emission Tomography
What is gland forming cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
How do you confirm diagnosis of Non Small Cell Carcinoma?
Molecular markers
What are lung molecular markers for Lung Adenocarcinoma?
EGFR
Ros1
ALK
Kras
BRAF
MET
PET
PDL1
What lung molecular markers are raised in Lung adenocarcinoma in NON SMOKERS?
EGFR
Ros1
ALK
What lung adenocarcinoma marker is elevated in SMOKERs?
Kras
What type of molecules are the lung molecular markers?
Oncogenes
What is the only marker tested in squamous cell carcinoma?
PDL1
What ethnicity is the mutation of the EGFR oncogene most common in as a lung molecular marker?
Asian
What is the most frequent mutation causing the oncogene EGFR to be present as a lung molecular marker?
Deletion in Exon 19 of Ch7
What happens as a result of EGFR oncogene being present as a lung molecular marker?
It results in cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis etc..
What chemotherapeutic drug can be given to treat patients with lung adenocarcinoma that have the EGFR lung molecular marker present?
What type of drug is this?
Why does this work?
Gefitinib
An anti EGFR TKI (Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor)
EGFR is a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
What is the downside to using Gefitinib to treat Adenocarcinoma of lungs with EGFR present?
Drug resistance
What is a lung molecular marker that is commonly seen in young never smokers that is an insulin receptor subfamily of RTK?
ALK
What does ALK do as an oncogene?
Signals cell proliferation and survival