Lecture 6 - Heart and Pericardium

Question 1

Looking anteriorly at the heart from Right to left, wwhat do you see?

Answer 1

Right Atrium, atrioventricular groove, Right ventricle, Interventricular groove, Left ventricle

Question 2

Right atrium

Most of the Right atrium is smooth, what is this area called?

Answer 2

Interatrial septum

Question 3

Right atrium

Most of the anterior wall is is rough what is this called?

Answer 3

Musculi pectinati (ridges of cardiac muscle)

Question 4

Right atrium

The extra ridge of muscle, and the marker for the SA node is the?

Answer 4

Crista Terminalis

Question 5

What are the auricles?

Answer 5

Projection of atria which usually cover up the roots of the great vessels, left over from development - no real function

Question 6

Right atrium

Where is the coronary sinus located?

Answer 6

Between the IVC and RA orifice

Question 7

Right atrium

What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 7

Little depression on the inter-atrial septum, open in the foetus (allows blood between the atria)

Question 8

The movement of blood to0 the ventricles occurs via…

Answer 8

Negative pressure from the relaxation of the heart muscle

Question 9

Right Ventricle

What valve is betwen the Right artiium/ventricle?

Answer 9

Tricuspid valve

3 cusps hanging like string from chordae tendinae

Question 10

Tricuspid valve - 3 cusps hanging like string from _____ _______

Answer 10

chordae tendinae

Question 11

What is trabeculae carnae?

Answer 11

muscular ridges - same as musculi pectinati (on anterior surface of RV

Question 12

The interventricular septum is on the ….

Answer 12

very medial side

Question 13

What is the area just inferior to the Puomonary trunk?

Answer 13

Conus arteriosis

Question 14

What part of the RV has parts of the conduction system traveling through it?

Answer 14

Septomarginal band - good marker to the electrical conduction system - extra attachment to the ant. papillary muscle

Question 15

The Left artium has __ pulmonary vein coming in

Answer 15

2

Question 16

The Left ventricle has the thickest layer of…

Answer 16

myocardium - has to project blood throughout the body

Question 17

The LV has the Bicuspid valve a.k.a…

Answer 17

Mitral valve

Question 18

The Ductus arteriosis (comminication between aorta and pulmonary trunk) remain in adults as …

Answer 18

Ligamentum artiosum

First expansion of lungs results in closure of ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

Question 19

When babies take their first breath smooth muscles are the airways release hormones that act on smooth muscle around the _____ _______ - causes muscle to contracts which shuts the hole

Answer 19

When babies take their first breath smooth muscles are the airways release hormones that act on smooth muscle around the ductus arteriosis - causes muscle to contracts which shuts the hole

Question 20

The higher pressure of blood in the ___ will pull blood from the pulmonary trunk into it.

Answer 20

aorta

Question 21

The higher pressure in the LA pushes the valve of ______ ____shut and it fuses

Answer 21

The higher pressure in the LA pushes the valve of foramen ovale shut and it fuses

Question 22

The fibrous skeleton is seen in the plane of the…

Answer 22

AV grooves

seen in grey
forms anchorage for the valves

Question 23

The fibrous skeleton provides what?

Answer 23

Discontinuity between the muscle of the atria and ventricles

Question 24

The Pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar valve are all anchored to what?

Answer 24

The cardiac muscle by some connective tissue (grey material)

Question 25

Nerve supply to the heart is ______. Pacemakers cells are affected by nerves

What do sympathetic nerves do?

Answer 25

Nerve supply to the heart is autonomic. Pacemakers cells are affected by nerves

Sympathetic nerve increase the HR and force of contraction

Question 26

The parasympathetic cardiac nerves produce a mess we can’t untangle, which is called the …

Answer 26

Cardiac plexus

Question 27

Pain from the heart will refer to which dermatomes?

Answer 27

T1-4

Visceral sensory fibres from heart enter spinal cord at T1-4

Question 28

_____ is the double layered membrane around the heart

Answer 28

serous pericardium

much like pleura (and peritoneum)

Question 29

Pericardium

The visceral layer of serous pericardium is

Answer 29

tightly adhered

Question 30

Parietal layer and visceral layer are continuous at …..

Answer 30

Parietal layer and visceral layer are continuous at the roots of the great vessels

Question 31

within the actual heart what are the 3 layers?

Answer 31

Endocardium - layer lining the cavities of the heart

Myocardium - muscle layer

Epicardium - the outer trim of the heart

Question 32

True or False

Epicarium, the outer trim of the heart is the SAME as visceral layer of serous pericardium)

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Why are serous membrances around organs important?

Answer 33

help create frictionless movment

Question 34

because there is a space (pericardial space) - there can be _____

Answer 34

effusion

Question 35

Innervation to the Pericardium is ___ ______

Answer 35

sensory only - no muscle fibres

Question 36

Innervation to the Pericardium is from what?

where do they run?

Answer 36

You want to use fibres of a nerve that are close - therefore dervied from phrenic nerve.

Question 37

Innervation to the Pericardium runs where?

Answer 37

anterior to the hilum of the lung -somtimes pain that effects the pericardium is referred to dermatomes c3,4,5 - neck and jaw

Question 38

What are the 2 pericardial sinuses?

Answer 38

Transverse and oblique sinuses

Question 39

THe transverse sinus is used to…

Answer 39

ligate the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 40

The oblique sinus runs from the ___ up toward the ________ ___.

Answer 40

The oblique sinus runs from the apex up toward the pulmonary veins.