Lecture 6 - Heart and Pericardium Flashcards
Looking anteriorly at the heart from Right to left, wwhat do you see?
Right Atrium, atrioventricular groove, Right ventricle, Interventricular groove, Left ventricle
Right atrium
Most of the Right atrium is smooth, what is this area called?
Interatrial septum
Right atrium
Most of the anterior wall is is rough what is this called?
Musculi pectinati (ridges of cardiac muscle)
Right atrium
The extra ridge of muscle, and the marker for the SA node is the?
Crista Terminalis
What are the auricles?
Projection of atria which usually cover up the roots of the great vessels, left over from development - no real function
Right atrium
Where is the coronary sinus located?
Between the IVC and RA orifice
Right atrium
What is the fossa ovalis?
Little depression on the inter-atrial septum, open in the foetus (allows blood between the atria)
The movement of blood to0 the ventricles occurs via…
Negative pressure from the relaxation of the heart muscle
Right Ventricle
What valve is betwen the Right artiium/ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
3 cusps hanging like string from chordae tendinae
Tricuspid valve - 3 cusps hanging like string from _____ _______
chordae tendinae
What is trabeculae carnae?
muscular ridges - same as musculi pectinati (on anterior surface of RV
The interventricular septum is on the ….
very medial side
What is the area just inferior to the Puomonary trunk?
Conus arteriosis
What part of the RV has parts of the conduction system traveling through it?
Septomarginal band - good marker to the electrical conduction system - extra attachment to the ant. papillary muscle
The Left artium has __ pulmonary vein coming in
2
The Left ventricle has the thickest layer of…
myocardium - has to project blood throughout the body
The LV has the Bicuspid valve a.k.a…
Mitral valve
The Ductus arteriosis (comminication between aorta and pulmonary trunk) remain in adults as …
Ligamentum artiosum
First expansion of lungs results in closure of ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale
When babies take their first breath smooth muscles are the airways release hormones that act on smooth muscle around the _____ _______ - causes muscle to contracts which shuts the hole
When babies take their first breath smooth muscles are the airways release hormones that act on smooth muscle around the ductus arteriosis - causes muscle to contracts which shuts the hole
The higher pressure of blood in the ___ will pull blood from the pulmonary trunk into it.
aorta
The higher pressure in the LA pushes the valve of ______ ____shut and it fuses
The higher pressure in the LA pushes the valve of foramen ovale shut and it fuses
The fibrous skeleton is seen in the plane of the…
AV grooves
seen in grey
forms anchorage for the valves
The fibrous skeleton provides what?
Discontinuity between the muscle of the atria and ventricles
The Pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar valve are all anchored to what?
The cardiac muscle by some connective tissue (grey material)
Nerve supply to the heart is ______. Pacemakers cells are affected by nerves
What do sympathetic nerves do?
Nerve supply to the heart is autonomic. Pacemakers cells are affected by nerves
Sympathetic nerve increase the HR and force of contraction
The parasympathetic cardiac nerves produce a mess we can’t untangle, which is called the …
Cardiac plexus
Pain from the heart will refer to which dermatomes?
T1-4
Visceral sensory fibres from heart enter spinal cord at T1-4
_____ is the double layered membrane around the heart
serous pericardium
much like pleura (and peritoneum)
Pericardium
The visceral layer of serous pericardium is
tightly adhered
Parietal layer and visceral layer are continuous at …..
Parietal layer and visceral layer are continuous at the roots of the great vessels
within the actual heart what are the 3 layers?
Endocardium - layer lining the cavities of the heart
Myocardium - muscle layer
Epicardium - the outer trim of the heart
True or False
Epicarium, the outer trim of the heart is the SAME as visceral layer of serous pericardium)
True
Why are serous membrances around organs important?
help create frictionless movment
because there is a space (pericardial space) - there can be _____
effusion
Innervation to the Pericardium is ___ ______
sensory only - no muscle fibres
Innervation to the Pericardium is from what?
where do they run?
You want to use fibres of a nerve that are close - therefore dervied from phrenic nerve.
Innervation to the Pericardium runs where?
anterior to the hilum of the lung -somtimes pain that effects the pericardium is referred to dermatomes c3,4,5 - neck and jaw
What are the 2 pericardial sinuses?
Transverse and oblique sinuses
THe transverse sinus is used to…
ligate the aorta and pulmonary trunk
The oblique sinus runs from the ___ up toward the ________ ___.
The oblique sinus runs from the apex up toward the pulmonary veins.
