Lecture 3 - Pleura and Lungs Flashcards
The trachea begains at the
cricoid cartliage
Surroudned by incomplete posterior rings
The incomplete section is bridged by the trachealis muscle - keep sthe trachea open
The right main bronchus is…
more vertical
wider
shorter
things more likely to get stuck in the Right lung
There can be 2 or 3 lobar bronchi at the …
Right Hilum
Bifurcation is at the ..
Plane of louis - T4/5
trachea is an _____ positioned tube
anteriorly
There is a very defined braching pattern - up to about __ orders of branching
25
The bronchi themselves are also supported by _____ which runs all the way down the branches
Cartilage
Becomes the bronchioles when the cartilage is lost
What is Athsma?
Spasm of smooth muscle in particular around the bronchioes
common triggers cause smooth muscle to contract - exacerbated in the cold (cold air makes smooth muscle spasm and constrict)
WHere does the apex of the 2 lungs lie?
2-3cm about the 1st rib - prone to damage
Where does the base of the lung sit?
diaphragm
The Right lung has how many lobes?
3
What are the fissures of the Right lung?
Horizontal and oblique
Which lung has the caridac notch?
Left lung - also only has one fissue (oblique fissure)
At the hilum of lungs where at the pulmonary arteries?
posterior and superior - relative to the veins
veins are inferior and anterior
Describe the Bronchial arteries and where they come from
Really small
Derived from the descending aorta, follow the bronchi into the hilum
Venous drainage of the bronchioles goes where?
to the azygous system of veins
The Vagus nerve is always found..
posterior to the hilum
The phrenic nerve runs …
anterior to the root of the lung
Parsymapthetic innervation to lungs is from from the __cranial ___ nerve (runs through _____ sheath)
Parsymapthetic innervation to lungs is from from the 10th cranial vagus nerve (runs through carotid sheath)
Ps wil make the lungs..
constrict
What does Sympathetic nerves to the lung do and where are they from?
Inhibits smooth muscle contraction to dilate
derived from spinal cord - sympathetic ganglion T1-T4
The autonomic vesssels plexuses where/
around the bifurcation of the trachea
The Lymphatics of the lung all drain through ____nodes up to the right ______duct
or the ____duct for the left lung
The Lymphatics of the lung all drain through hilar nodes up to the right lympathetic duct or the thoracic duct (for the left lung)
The pleura is a double layered _____membrane that has developed around each lung. Has a ____layer which lines the wall and a ______layer which lines the lung. There is potential space which contains ______ ______ to provide surface tension that keeps them togeher (think glass water analogy)
The pleura is a double layered serous membrane that has developed around each lung. Has a parietal layer which lines the wall and a visceral layer which lines the lung. There is potential space which contains serous fluid to provide surface tension that keeps them togeher (think glass water analogy)
Where is the pleural recess?
between the ribs and diaphragm = costodiaphragmatic
The reflection of the pleura (towards the hilum) is called the …
Pulmonary ligament
In development, the viscera tends to…
Grab the serous membrane and drag behind it
The viscera will then grow to site of cavity
You end up with viscera surrounded by a double lined membrane - the parietal and visceral membrane
What supplies sensory to the parietal layer?
adjacent intercostal nerve and phrenic nerve
What supplies sensory to the visceral layer?
Sympathetics (same as lung)
Parietal pleura pain will be ..
.sharp and localised pain - somatic
Visceral pleura pain will be..
Dull - visceral type pain
If the surface tension between parietal and visceral layers is lost, what will happen?
What are some ways in which this can happen?
The lung will collapse
can be caused by pneumthorac (from stab wound - air seperates membranes)
Or hemothorax - bleed will push the membrances apart
The apex of the lung is particularly prone to…
injury
