Lecture 3 - Pleura and Lungs

Question 1

The trachea begains at the

Answer 1

cricoid cartliage

Surroudned by incomplete posterior rings

The incomplete section is bridged by the trachealis muscle - keep sthe trachea open

Question 2

The right main bronchus is…

Answer 2

more vertical
wider
shorter

things more likely to get stuck in the Right lung

Question 3

There can be 2 or 3 lobar bronchi at the …

Answer 3

Right Hilum

Question 4

Bifurcation is at the ..

Answer 4

Plane of louis - T4/5

Question 5

trachea is an _____ positioned tube

Answer 5

anteriorly

Question 6

There is a very defined braching pattern - up to about __ orders of branching

Answer 6

25

Question 7

The bronchi themselves are also supported by _____ which runs all the way down the branches

Answer 7

Cartilage

Becomes the bronchioles when the cartilage is lost

Question 8

What is Athsma?

Answer 8

Spasm of smooth muscle in particular around the bronchioes

common triggers cause smooth muscle to contract - exacerbated in the cold (cold air makes smooth muscle spasm and constrict)

Question 9

WHere does the apex of the 2 lungs lie?

Answer 9

2-3cm about the 1st rib - prone to damage

Question 10

Where does the base of the lung sit?

Answer 10

diaphragm

Question 11

The Right lung has how many lobes?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What are the fissures of the Right lung?

Answer 12

Horizontal and oblique

Question 13

Which lung has the caridac notch?

Answer 13

Left lung - also only has one fissue (oblique fissure)

Question 14

At the hilum of lungs where at the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 14

posterior and superior - relative to the veins

veins are inferior and anterior

Question 15

Describe the Bronchial arteries and where they come from

Answer 15

Really small

Derived from the descending aorta, follow the bronchi into the hilum

Question 16

Venous drainage of the bronchioles goes where?

Answer 16

to the azygous system of veins

Question 17

The Vagus nerve is always found..

Answer 17

posterior to the hilum

Question 18

The phrenic nerve runs …

Answer 18

anterior to the root of the lung

Question 19

Parsymapthetic innervation to lungs is from from the __cranial ___ nerve (runs through _____ sheath)

Answer 19

Parsymapthetic innervation to lungs is from from the 10th cranial vagus nerve (runs through carotid sheath)

Question 20

Ps wil make the lungs..

Answer 20

constrict

Question 21

What does Sympathetic nerves to the lung do and where are they from?

Answer 21

Inhibits smooth muscle contraction to dilate

derived from spinal cord - sympathetic ganglion T1-T4

Question 22

The autonomic vesssels plexuses where/

Answer 22

around the bifurcation of the trachea

Question 23

The Lymphatics of the lung all drain through ____nodes up to the right ______duct

or the ____duct for the left lung

Answer 23

The Lymphatics of the lung all drain through hilar nodes up to the right lympathetic duct or the thoracic duct (for the left lung)

Question 24

The pleura is a double layered _____membrane that has developed around each lung. Has a ____layer which lines the wall and a ______layer which lines the lung. There is potential space which contains ______ ______ to provide surface tension that keeps them togeher (think glass water analogy)

Answer 24

The pleura is a double layered serous membrane that has developed around each lung. Has a parietal layer which lines the wall and a visceral layer which lines the lung. There is potential space which contains serous fluid to provide surface tension that keeps them togeher (think glass water analogy)

Question 25

Where is the pleural recess?

Answer 25

between the ribs and diaphragm = costodiaphragmatic

Question 26

The reflection of the pleura (towards the hilum) is called the …

Answer 26

Pulmonary ligament

Question 27

In development, the viscera tends to…

Answer 27

Grab the serous membrane and drag behind it

The viscera will then grow to site of cavity

You end up with viscera surrounded by a double lined membrane - the parietal and visceral membrane

Question 28

What supplies sensory to the parietal layer?

Answer 28

adjacent intercostal nerve and phrenic nerve

Question 29

What supplies sensory to the visceral layer?

Answer 29

Sympathetics (same as lung)

Question 30

Parietal pleura pain will be ..

Answer 30

.sharp and localised pain - somatic

Question 31

Visceral pleura pain will be..

Answer 31

Dull - visceral type pain

Question 32

If the surface tension between parietal and visceral layers is lost, what will happen?

What are some ways in which this can happen?

Answer 32

The lung will collapse

can be caused by pneumthorac (from stab wound - air seperates membranes)

Or hemothorax - bleed will push the membrances apart

Question 33

The apex of the lung is particularly prone to…

Answer 33

injury