Lecture 30 - Larynx & Phonation

Question 1

The larynx starts at the upper border of the ___

Answer 1

epiglottis

Question 2

The larynx ends at the lower border of the ___

Answer 2

Lower border of cricoid cartilage

Question 3

The laryngeal skeleton is formed by

Answer 3

a system of cartilages

At the top end is the hyoid bone

Down from that is the Thyroid cartilage (angl of which is the adams apple)

The next cartilge lump down in the cricoid cartilage

Question 4

The thyroid cartilage has an _____ horn and.

Answer 4

superior and inferior horn

Question 5

What on the thyroid cartilage articultes with the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 5

inferior horn

Question 6

Thyroid cartialge is ______ posteriorly

Answer 6

deficient - for communication via the laryngeal inlet

Question 7

The Cricooid cartilgate forms articulation for two oter cartilages called?

Answer 7

Arytenoid cartilages

Pyramidaly shaped

sit on the posterolateral aspect

Question 8

What is the main movement of the Arytenoid cartilages?

Answer 8

Swivel movement - on an axis straight down through the triangle

contraction of muscle in one direction will swivel n the opposite direction

Question 9

Arytenoid cartilages can also slide towards ___ _____

Answer 9

Arytenoid cartilages can also slide towards each other

Question 10

where is the Thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 10

Between the Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Question 11

Epiglottic cartilage is attached to the ____ aspect of the thyroid cartilage and project up behind the ___bone.

What is its function?

Answer 11

Epiglottic cartilage is attached to the posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and project up behind the hyoid bone.

protect the inlet

Question 12

Where are the vocal ligaments attached?

Answer 12

posteriorly: To the vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

Anteriorly:angle of thyroid (just below epiglottic cartilage)

Question 13

the vaocal ligaemnts vibreate against each other to produce…

Answer 13

sounds

Question 14

Where is the quadrangular membrane?

Answer 14

Between the Epiglottic cartilage and Arytenoid cartilage

Question 15

What is the free superior edge of the quadrangular membrane called?

Answer 15

aryepiglottic ligament

Question 16

What is the free inferior edge of the quadrangular membrane called?

Answer 16

Vestibular ligament - quite thick

So thickening at the top and bottom

Question 17

The mucosa follows what course

Answer 17

membranes and ligaments - over the pharynx, hooks over the Aryepiglottic - goes arond Quadrangular membrane, under the vestibular ligament

Question 18

The Vocal fold is referred to as the…

Answer 18

True vocal cord

Question 19

Why is the vestibular fold referred to as the flase vocal cord?

Answer 19

The first ones you see looking down- but doesn’t produce sound, more to do with protection of the true vocal cord

Question 20

Vocal ligaments need to _____ for phonation and _______for breathing

Answer 20

Vocal ligaments need to adducted for phonation and abducted for breathing

Question 21

What do the intrinsisc muscles of the larynx do?

Answer 21

alter the position of vocal ligaments

Question 22

Which intrinsuc muscle allows abduction

Answer 22

posterior Cricoarytenoid - pulls muslce processes together, because of the swivel, the vocal ligaments will abduct

Question 23

What does the Transverse and oblique arytenoidsmuscle do?

Answer 23

opposite to posterior CA

pulls muscle processes away form each other, therefore swivel the vocal pocesses towards each other - adduction (producing sound)

Question 24

What msucle, which lies near the epiglottis, brings the arytenoid cartilages together

Answer 24

Transverse and oblique arytenoids

Question 25

Which muslces produce aduction of the vocal ligaments

Answer 25

Transverse and oblique arytenoids

Transverse and oblique arytenoids

Question 26

Vocalis and Thyroarytenoid do what when they contract?

Answer 26

Will pull the thyroid closer to the arytenoid, therefore make the vocal ligament more lax - lower frequency sounds

Question 27

Which muscle helps produce high pitch sounds?

Answer 27

Cricothyroid - attached to front of cricocartliage and back of lamino of thyroid cartilage

contraction pulls the whole thyroid cartilage forward - stretches the ligaments - high pitch

Question 28

Recurrent laryngeal supplies all of the muscles of the larynx except…

Answer 28

Cricothyroid - which is done by External larygeal (branch of superior laryngeal)

Question 29

What does the sensory mucosa supply?

Answer 29

internal larygeal (another branch of the superior laryngeal)

Question 30

A hoarse voice, caused by incomplete adduction is caused by damamge of what nerve?

Answer 30

Recurrent laryngeal - hoarse voice and stridor (effort in talking)

Question 31

Where is the blood supply most significant to the larynx?

Answer 31

The thyroid gland sits directly lateral to the trachea, small part is anterior to it.

Therefore - the area below the thyroid gland is very vascular

Question 32

What does superior blood supply?

Answer 32

superior thyroid vessels

inferior branches from below

Question 33

Where is the best position to put an emergency airway?

Answer 33

cut through the cricothyroid membrane

Question 34

Consider the path of intubation tube for artificial ventilation

Answer 34

.