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Viscera & Visceral Systems > Lecture 12 & 13 - Abdomina viscera > Flashcards

Lecture 12 & 13 - Abdomina viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the oesophagus

A

muscular tube - 25cm starting at the pharynx

abdominal esophagus is about 1.23 - enters stomach from the right side

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2
Q

Where are the narrowings of the esophagus?

A

proximal part - pharyngeal-oesophageal junction

middle - where the left main bronchus arch of aorta press on it

distal end - where it passes through the diaphragm

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3
Q

What is the artery/vein suply of the cervical, thoracic and abdo parts of the oesphagus?

A

Cervical - inferior thyroid artery and the brachio-cephalic (systemic)

Thoracic - oes. branches of aorta. Azygous

Abdo - Left gastric a.
L gastric portal vein

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4
Q

the abdo part of the azygous drains to the..

A

portal veinous system

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5
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

upwards projection of fundus thorugh the diaphragm

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6
Q

What is a sliding hernia?

A

oesophagus moving back up - cardia pushed up through the diaphragm

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7
Q

What is the name of proximal opening of the stomach?

A

cardiac orifice - where the oesphagus enters

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8
Q

What is the name of distal opening of the stomach?

A

pyloric opening

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9
Q

The pyloric canal is a…

A

true anatomical sphincter

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10
Q

The body of the stomach narrow distally to form the

A

Pyloric antrum - the even smaller part is the canal

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11
Q

The lesser curvature is connected to the undersurface of the liver by a…

A

double fold of mesentery

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12
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

fatty apron - double fold of mesntery from the greate curvature - obscures the rest of the abdo viscera

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13
Q

The interior of the stomach is lined by …

A

mucosal folds - rugae

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14
Q

true or False

the rugae become greater in pronience as you get further distally

A

True

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15
Q

Is the duodenum retro-intra peritoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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16
Q

duodenum is directly related to which post. wall muscle ?

A

psoas major

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17
Q

The first part of the duodenum is __long - the ___hits these part first so its the site of ulcers commonly

A

The first part of the duodenum is 5cm long - the acid hits these part first so its the site of ulcers commonly

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18
Q

The vertical descent f the duodemum is on psoas, between the hilum of the _____ and the _______

A

The vertical descent f the duodemum is on psoas, between the hilum of the kidney and the pancrease

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19
Q

Where is the major duodenal papilla located?

A

halfway down the descending (2)

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20
Q

Where are the minor duodenal papilla and what is it for?

A

superior to the major one

for the accessory duct of the pancreas

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21
Q

how lonng is the second part od the duodenum/

A

7.5cm

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22
Q

the 3rd part of duodenum goes across from what to what?

A

Right psoas, across the IVC and aorta to the Left psoas - directly related to the superior meseteric artery (they hook over the front of duodenum)

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23
Q

There are ____ of small intestine

The first __% is jejunum and the __% is ileum

A

4-6m

40% - jejunum
60% - ileum

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24
Q

There are more arcades in the..

A

ileum

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25
There is no distinct mark between the jejunum and ileum. Which quadrant is each in
Jejunum - LUQ ileum - RLQ
26
What is thicker walls, more mucosal folds and larger in diameter
Jejunum
27
The mesentery tends to be less fatty in the _____
jejunum - vessels are easier to see
28
ileum ends at the ...
ileocecal opening - sometimes called the valve. Actually a thickening of mucosal fold covering a smooth muscle sphincter
29
THe large intestine has a circular inner later and an outer band divided into the 3 longitudinal bands, what are these called
tinea coli (discrete bands)
30
what is haustra?
The haustra (singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance. The taenia coli run the length of the large intestine. Because the taenia coli are shorter than the intestine, the colon becomes sacculated between the tenia coli, forming the haustra.
31
There is a second anatomical sphincter in the _____ opening
ileocecal
32
What are the omental tenia?
fat tags
33
Where does the appendix attach?
cecum - where the 3 tenia meet
34
What is within the appendix?
A whole lot of lymphoid nodule
35
What is retrocecal appendix?
When it is turned up and back along the caecum
36
The sigmoid colon is in which bit?
Takes the GIT to the centre line to form the anal canal
37
What is the right colic flexure?
where the ascending colum beomes the transverse colon Left colic flexure - transverse - descending colon
38
Which quadrant is the liver in?
RUQ
39
The liver attaches to the ant. abdo wall at the _____
umbilicus in the uterus the baby receives blood via the umbilical vein to the liver
40
The diaphragmatic surface is divided into how many lobes? what divided them?
2 LOBES - DIVIDED BY THE FALCIFORM ligament
41
What is the falciform lig.?
Double fold of peritoneum connects it to the anterior wal
42
what is the round round ligament?
obliterated umbilical vein runs in the free inferior edge of the falciform ligament
43
The junction between the two surfaces of the liver is the ..
sharp inferior border
44
The superior surface of the liver is at what rib?
5th rib - liver is largely enclosed by the rib cage
45
What are all the impression on the Right lobe, visceral surface of the liver (and their locations):
Colic impression - inferior, Right lobe renal impression - right kidney - right lobe (also supraardenal impression above) Duodenal impression - next to gallbladder - right lobe
46
What are all the impression on the Leftlobe, visceral surface of the liver (and their locations):
Esophageal impression Gastric impression
47
What are the extra lobes on the posterior surface of the liver?
Quadrate lobe (inferior ) cordate love (superior)
48
True or False The right and left hepatic ducts function separately
true
49
true or false The hepatic veins are associated with the hilum of the liver
false - go straight into the IVC
50
The hilum of the liver is known as the ...
porta hepatis
51
porta hepatis, fromposter to anterior:
portal vein Hepatic artery Bile duct
52
Where does ligamentum teres run?
Left hand groove - in line with the gallbladder
53
Can you see the nerves and lymphatics at the porta hepatis?
no
54
The _____ _____joints the visceral surface of the liver and spans out to cover it
lesser omentum
55
The strucutes of the _____ _______ run between the two layers at the free edge of the lesser omentum
porta hepatis
56
Which artery divides into left and right and provides the liver itself with nourishment?
Hepatic artery
57
The cytic + hepatic duct =
common bile duct
58
What are the parts of the common bile duct path
1. Passage through the free edge of the lesser omentum (only extends to the duodenum) 2. Passes behind the first part of the duodenum 3. Goes behind the head of the pancreas in a groove between the head and the 2nd duodenum 4. Enters the 2nd part of duodenum at the major duodenal papilla (surrounded by sphincter of otti)
59
Sphinter of odii surrounds... what is its action?
the terminal part of the pancreatic duct and the part of the common bile duct. unless there is something in the duodenum that requires bile, the sphincter will contract
60
true or False The gall bladder has its own artery and its veins drain into the systemic system
False The gall bladder has its own artery BUT its veins drain into the portal system
61
Which part of the gallbladder lies in the visceral surface of the liver?
Body
62
true or false The fundus of the gallbladder usually projects beyond the inf. edge of the liver
true
63
The tail of the pancreas is related to the hilum of the ___
spleen
64
What is the wedge shaped prolongation of the pancreas? (after the head)
uncinate process lies behind the superior mesenteric vessels
65
Is the pancreas retroperitoneal?
yes
66
True or False The neck and bdy curve over the vertebral column , the aorta and IVC
true
67
What does the accessory pancreatic duct do?
Drains the lower part of the head and the uncinate process, then joins the doudenal about an inch higher through the minor duodemal papilla
68
Descreibe the spleen?
oval shaped collection of lyph tissue - size of clenched fist very very vascularised smooth diaphagmatic surface
69
The visceral srface of the spleen bears the imprints of...
the splanchic flexure and gastric imprint fromthe fundus (stomach) and renal imprint from the left Kidney
70
What is in the spleen's hilum?
just artery and vein - no duct - associated with the tail of the pancreas
71
Which ribs does the spleen relate to?
9,10,11 Fracture of either makes the spleen vulnerable to rupture and bleeding

Viscera & Visceral Systems (25 decks)

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