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Viscera & Visceral Systems > Lecture 12 & 13 - Abdomina viscera > Flashcards

Lecture 12 & 13 - Abdomina viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the oesophagus

A

muscular tube - 25cm starting at the pharynx

abdominal esophagus is about 1.23 - enters stomach from the right side

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2
Q

Where are the narrowings of the esophagus?

A

proximal part - pharyngeal-oesophageal junction

middle - where the left main bronchus arch of aorta press on it

distal end - where it passes through the diaphragm

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3
Q

What is the artery/vein suply of the cervical, thoracic and abdo parts of the oesphagus?

A

Cervical - inferior thyroid artery and the brachio-cephalic (systemic)

Thoracic - oes. branches of aorta. Azygous

Abdo - Left gastric a.
L gastric portal vein

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4
Q

the abdo part of the azygous drains to the..

A

portal veinous system

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5
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

upwards projection of fundus thorugh the diaphragm

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6
Q

What is a sliding hernia?

A

oesophagus moving back up - cardia pushed up through the diaphragm

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7
Q

What is the name of proximal opening of the stomach?

A

cardiac orifice - where the oesphagus enters

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8
Q

What is the name of distal opening of the stomach?

A

pyloric opening

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9
Q

The pyloric canal is a…

A

true anatomical sphincter

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10
Q

The body of the stomach narrow distally to form the

A

Pyloric antrum - the even smaller part is the canal

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11
Q

The lesser curvature is connected to the undersurface of the liver by a…

A

double fold of mesentery

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12
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

fatty apron - double fold of mesntery from the greate curvature - obscures the rest of the abdo viscera

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13
Q

The interior of the stomach is lined by …

A

mucosal folds - rugae

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14
Q

true or False

the rugae become greater in pronience as you get further distally

A

True

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15
Q

Is the duodenum retro-intra peritoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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16
Q

duodenum is directly related to which post. wall muscle ?

A

psoas major

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17
Q

The first part of the duodenum is __long - the ___hits these part first so its the site of ulcers commonly

A

The first part of the duodenum is 5cm long - the acid hits these part first so its the site of ulcers commonly

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18
Q

The vertical descent f the duodemum is on psoas, between the hilum of the _____ and the _______

A

The vertical descent f the duodemum is on psoas, between the hilum of the kidney and the pancrease

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19
Q

Where is the major duodenal papilla located?

A

halfway down the descending (2)

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20
Q

Where are the minor duodenal papilla and what is it for?

A

superior to the major one

for the accessory duct of the pancreas

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21
Q

how lonng is the second part od the duodenum/

A

7.5cm

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22
Q

the 3rd part of duodenum goes across from what to what?

A

Right psoas, across the IVC and aorta to the Left psoas - directly related to the superior meseteric artery (they hook over the front of duodenum)

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23
Q

There are ____ of small intestine

The first __% is jejunum and the __% is ileum

A

4-6m

40% - jejunum
60% - ileum

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24
Q

There are more arcades in the..

A

ileum

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25
Q

There is no distinct mark between the jejunum and ileum.

Which quadrant is each in

A

Jejunum - LUQ

ileum - RLQ

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26
Q

What is thicker walls, more mucosal folds and larger in diameter

A

Jejunum

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27
Q

The mesentery tends to be less fatty in the _____

A

jejunum - vessels are easier to see

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28
Q

ileum ends at the …

A

ileocecal opening - sometimes called the valve. Actually a thickening of mucosal fold covering a smooth muscle sphincter

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29
Q

THe large intestine has a circular inner later and an outer band divided into the 3 longitudinal bands, what are these called

A

tinea coli (discrete bands)

30
Q

what is haustra?

A

The haustra (singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance. The taenia coli run the length of the large intestine. Because the taenia coli are shorter than the intestine, the colon becomes sacculated between the tenia coli, forming the haustra.

31
Q

There is a second anatomical sphincter in the _____ opening

A

ileocecal

32
Q

What are the omental tenia?

A

fat tags

33
Q

Where does the appendix attach?

A

cecum - where the 3 tenia meet

34
Q

What is within the appendix?

A

A whole lot of lymphoid nodule

35
Q

What is retrocecal appendix?

A

When it is turned up and back along the caecum

36
Q

The sigmoid colon is in which bit?

A

Takes the GIT to the centre line to form the anal canal

37
Q

What is the right colic flexure?

A

where the ascending colum beomes the transverse colon

Left colic flexure - transverse - descending colon

38
Q

Which quadrant is the liver in?

A

RUQ

39
Q

The liver attaches to the ant. abdo wall at the _____

A

umbilicus

in the uterus the baby receives blood via the umbilical vein to the liver

40
Q

The diaphragmatic surface is divided into how many lobes? what divided them?

A

2 LOBES - DIVIDED BY THE FALCIFORM ligament

41
Q

What is the falciform lig.?

A

Double fold of peritoneum

connects it to the anterior wal

42
Q

what is the round round ligament?

A

obliterated umbilical vein

runs in the free inferior edge of the falciform ligament

43
Q

The junction between the two surfaces of the liver is the ..

A

sharp inferior border

44
Q

The superior surface of the liver is at what rib?

A

5th rib - liver is largely enclosed by the rib cage

45
Q

What are all the impression on the Right lobe, visceral surface of the liver (and their locations):

A

Colic impression - inferior, Right lobe

renal impression - right kidney - right lobe (also supraardenal impression above)

Duodenal impression - next to gallbladder - right lobe

46
Q

What are all the impression on the Leftlobe, visceral surface of the liver (and their locations):

A

Esophageal impression

Gastric impression

47
Q

What are the extra lobes on the posterior surface of the liver?

A

Quadrate lobe (inferior )

cordate love (superior)

48
Q

True or False

The right and left hepatic ducts function separately

A

true

49
Q

true or false

The hepatic veins are associated with the hilum of the liver

A

false - go straight into the IVC

50
Q

The hilum of the liver is known as the …

A

porta hepatis

51
Q

porta hepatis, fromposter to anterior:

A

portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct

52
Q

Where does ligamentum teres run?

A

Left hand groove - in line with the gallbladder

53
Q

Can you see the nerves and lymphatics at the porta hepatis?

A

no

54
Q

The _____ _____joints the visceral surface of the liver and spans out to cover it

A

lesser omentum

55
Q

The strucutes of the _____ _______ run between the two layers at the free edge of the lesser omentum

A

porta hepatis

56
Q

Which artery divides into left and right and provides the liver itself with nourishment?

A

Hepatic artery

57
Q

The cytic + hepatic duct =

A

common bile duct

58
Q

What are the parts of the common bile duct path

A
  1. Passage through the free edge of the lesser omentum (only extends to the duodenum)
  2. Passes behind the first part of the duodenum
  3. Goes behind the head of the pancreas in a groove between the head and the 2nd duodenum
  4. Enters the 2nd part of duodenum at the major duodenal papilla (surrounded by sphincter of otti)
59
Q

Sphinter of odii surrounds…

what is its action?

A

the terminal part of the pancreatic duct and the part of the common bile duct.

unless there is something in the duodenum that requires bile, the sphincter will contract

60
Q

true or False

The gall bladder has its own artery and its veins drain into the systemic system

A

False

The gall bladder has its own artery BUT its veins drain into the portal system

61
Q

Which part of the gallbladder lies in the visceral surface of the liver?

A

Body

62
Q

true or false

The fundus of the gallbladder usually projects beyond the inf. edge of the liver

A

true

63
Q

The tail of the pancreas is related to the hilum of the ___

A

spleen

64
Q

What is the wedge shaped prolongation of the pancreas? (after the head)

A

uncinate process

lies behind the superior mesenteric vessels

65
Q

Is the pancreas retroperitoneal?

A

yes

66
Q

True or False

The neck and bdy curve over the vertebral column , the aorta and IVC

A

true

67
Q

What does the accessory pancreatic duct do?

A

Drains the lower part of the head and the uncinate process, then joins the doudenal about an inch higher through the minor duodemal papilla

68
Q

Descreibe the spleen?

A

oval shaped collection of lyph tissue - size of clenched fist

very very vascularised

smooth diaphagmatic surface

69
Q

The visceral srface of the spleen bears the imprints of…

A

the splanchic flexure and gastric imprint fromthe fundus (stomach) and renal imprint from the left Kidney

70
Q

What is in the spleen’s hilum?

A

just artery and vein - no duct - associated with the tail of the pancreas

71
Q

Which ribs does the spleen relate to?

A

9,10,11

Fracture of either makes the spleen vulnerable to rupture and bleeding

Viscera & Visceral Systems (25 decks)

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