Lecture 19 & 20 - Pelvic viscera

Question 1

The pelvic viscera sit beneath..

Answer 1

the peritoneal cavity

pelvic peritoneum drapes over pelvic viscera and invests them in part with a serous coat

Question 2

THE LOWEST part f the peritoneam is where?

Answer 2

going down to form the rectovesical pouch

behind the bladder

Question 3

The bladder is pretty much behind the ____

Answer 3

pubic bone - in children it sits a bit higher

Question 4

The filled bladder protrudes up and is assicated with..

Answer 4

the anterior abdo wall

Question 5

The female has two pouches, as opposed to the male, because.. what are they called?

what is the lowermost part of the peritoneum in the female?

Answer 5

there is a uterus:

vesico-uterine pouch (between bladder and uterus)

Recto-uterine pouch - right down to the back of the vagina - female

Question 6

what is the lowermost part of the peritoneum in the female?

Answer 6

Recto-uterine pouch

burst appendix fluid will flow into this space

Question 7

The ____ __ act as curtains for the peritoneum to sweep over

Answer 7

uterine tubes - broad ligament

Question 8

The ureters cross the pelvic brim where? (in relation to arteries)

Answer 8

The common iliac splits to internal and external

Question 9

What strucuters, in male and female, cross the ureter above it’s entry into the bladder?

Answer 9

male: vas deferens
female: uterine artery

Question 10

the bladder is ___-______ to the pubic bone

what is the space in between?

Answer 10

postero-superior

retro-pubic space

Question 11

THe ureter is very close to which artery in the female?

Answer 11

uterine artery - crosses over it

Question 12

The trigone of the bladder differs how from the rest of the bladder?

Answer 12

it is smooth

The rough

Question 13

The rough parts of the bladder are what muscle?

Answer 13

destruser

Question 14

the base of the bladder is facing

Answer 14

posteriorly

Question 15

the neck of the bladder surrounds…

Answer 15

the urethral outlet

Question 16

The neck is anchored to the pelvic wall via what?

Answer 16

pubovesical lig.

The lateral ligaments are condensations of fascia around the vesical artery

Question 17

what produces the sperm in the testes?

Answer 17

seminiferous tubules with interstitial tissue in between

Question 18

the seminiferous tubules with interstitial tissue in between are surrounded by what capsule?

Answer 18

Tunica albuginea - connective tissue capsule

Question 19

Surrounding the Tunica albuginea is the..?

Answer 19

peritoneum - called the tunica vaginalis

Question 20

If there is a continuation f the peritoneum with the adbo cavity there is an increased risk of _____

Answer 20

herniation

Question 21

What is the epididymus?

where does it sit

Answer 21

one single duct, VERY coiled

sits on the postero-lateral side of the testis

Question 22

The ureter crosses what in the male?

Answer 22

vas deferens

Question 23

vas deferens runs through the _____ canal

Answer 23

inguinal canal

Question 24

vas deferens crosses what at the pelvic inlet?

Answer 24

external iliac vessels

Question 25

The seminal vesicles secretions are simply adding what to the semen?

Answer 25

volume

Question 26

Where is the prostate gland situated?

Answer 26

neck of the bladder above | levator ani and urogenital diaphragm below

Question 27

pubo-prostaticus is the male equivalent of what?

Answer 27

pubo-vaginalis

Question 28

What is in the urethral crest?

Answer 28

bump - two gutters on eaither side called prostatic sinuses. The ejaculatory ducts open into the urethral crest (final common pathway of vas and seminal vesicles)

Question 29

What does the bulbouretral gland pass through to enter the penile-urethra?

Answer 29

peritoneal membrane -

Question 30

What does the prostate gland relate to posteriorly?

Answer 30

the rectum

Question 31

The middle lobe of the prostate lies in the urethra, what is its significance?

Answer 31

its the part that enlarges in benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 32

What is the approx size of the uterus?

Answer 32

8cm/5cm/3cm

Question 33

The uterus is nromally positioned..

Answer 33

anti-verted (bend forwards on the vagina) and anti-flexed (flexed forward on itself) but not always

Question 34

true or False The uterus is slightly flattened in the anterior/posterior direction

Answer 34

true

Question 35

The part of the body of the uterus that narrows to become the cervix is the...

Answer 35

Isthmus

Question 36

What are the delineations of the cervix?

Answer 36

twowards the vagina: external uterine opening towards the isthmus: internal uterine opening

Question 37

the canal of the cervix is how long?

Answer 37

2-3cm in length

Question 38

Which part of the uterus is fixed? (the ligaments are a really important, learn them)

Answer 38

the neck - by fascial condensations (utero-sacral lig. and lateral cervical)

Question 39

Where does the broad ligament go from?

Answer 39

from side walls of uterus, uterine tubes are in the superior aspect to side walls of pelvis

Question 40

how long are the uterine tubes? where are they?

Answer 40

10-14cm in length - in the superior part of the broad ligament

Question 41

What is the name of the part of the uterine tube that is in the uterus?

Answer 41

intramural

Question 42

What are the sections of the uterine tube AFTER the itramural part?

Answer 42

isthmus - straight and narrow ampulla infundibulum

Question 43

The ovary is stuck on the back of the ____ ligament

Answer 43

broad ligament but hangs off with its own little mesentery

Question 44

The ovary sits on the side wall of the pelvis in a shallow fossa, between the ...

Answer 44

internal and external iliac vessels where they divide

Question 45

what attaches the ovary to the upper and angle (shoulder) of the uterus?

Answer 45

ovarian ligament - continuous with the round ligament

Question 46

what supplies the ovary?

Answer 46

ovarian artery - one of the paired branches coming off the aorta then gives off a branch to the uterine tube - this anastomoses with the uterine artery from the side wall of the pelvis (crosses the ureter in females remember!)

Question 47

Which wall of the vagina is shorter?

Answer 47

anterior - 10cm posterior - 12

Question 48

what space is in the superior part of the vagina?

Answer 48

fornix - circular recess around the lowermost portion of the cervix

Question 49

whaat do slackenings of the ligamentous supports of the vagina lead to ?

Answer 49

prolapse - things moving where they shouldn't uterus usually pushed down into the vagina

Question 50

there can also be encroachment on the vagina from the..

Answer 50

bladder or rectum

Question 51

the rectum loses what, as comapred to the sigmoid colon?

Answer 51

tenia coli - just one longitudinal muscle band

Question 52

Rectum The upper 1/3 has no _____ but ______covering it front and side the middle 1/3 is truly __________ lower 1/3 is a ___pelvic viscus - beneath the _________

Answer 52

Rectum The upper 1/3 has no mesentery but peritoneum covering it front and side the middle 1/3 is truly retroperitoneal lower 1/3 is a true pelvic viscus - beneeath the peritoneum

Question 53

rectum has _ ____ curves, covexed to the left

Answer 53

rectum has 3 lateral curves, covexed to the left creates 3 shelves "of heuston"

Question 54

the ampulla of the rectum is the

Answer 54

dilated part inferiorly

Question 55

What supplies the rectum?

Answer 55

IMA after supplying colon, becomes the superior rectal artery also reinforced by a middle rectal artery from the side wall of pelvis (from internal iliac)

Question 56

venous drainage from the rectum is to the

Answer 56

portal vein