Lecture 6 Exam 2 Flashcards
What is an allergy ?
- Hypersensitivity to an ordinarily harmless substance
- Majority environmental
What are the most common allergy ?
- Dust
- Pollen
- Latex
- Foods
- Insect stings
- Medications
What are the variations of allergy?
Mild symptoms/rash to life threatening (cardiovascular collapse) Because of anaphylaxis
Severity often dependent upon?
Amount of allergen
Rate of exposure
Route of exposure
Allergy death is most likely to occur in who?
Older individuals and females from cardiovascular collapse and respiratory arrest
What are four types of allergy ?
Type I- immediate hypersensitivity caused by IgE- common allergy
Type II- Cytolytic: cause cell death
Type III- Anaphyactoid (protein attacks antigen)
Type IV- Delayed hypersensitivity of more than 12 hours
What are the physiological process of allergy?
- Inital exposure to allergen-sensitizing dose
- Body primary immune response
- Production of antibodies to fight off antigen
- Antibody produced IgE
- IgE attaches to mast cells and basophils
- Challenge dose
- Mast cells and basophils undergo degranulation, chemical mediators to destroy allergen
What are signs and symp of allergy?
- Variable
- Tend to develop gradually
- Begin with pruritus of gingiva, throat, palms or soles of feet follwed by urticaria or angioedema
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- GI symptoms
What is the progression of symptims for allergy?
- early symp self-limitng or resolved
- deterioration with continued symptoms
What is Biphasic reaction?
Once inital allergic symptoms have resolved and can recur 1-72 hours after
What is treatment?
Depends on severity
Attempt to remove causative agent if possible
What are the treatment for mild allergic reaction ?
- Localized reaction: Oral hsitamine blocker, supine position
- Benadryl (diphenhydramine) 25-50mg 6-8 hours
- Chlorpheniramine 4mg ever 4-6 hours
What is diphenydramine or chlorpheniramine IM?
- Intramuscualr histamine blocker
- Diphen 25-50mg or Chlorph 10-20mg
- Chlorph does not cause as much drowsiness
What are the treatment of Severe Allergic reaction ?
- Worsening or allergic response begins with severe symptoms
- Contact EMS
- Epinephrine-3mg adults, children .15mg
- Supine Position with legs elevated unless severe dyspnea
- Administer steroid IM and histamine blocker
- Monitor patient for biphasic reaction
What are the preventions of allergic reaction?
Avoiding allergen
PAtients should carry eipipen and know how to use
