Lecture 4 Part 3 Exam 2

Question 1

What is Cerebrovascular accident?

Answer 1

Stroke, Brain attack

Question 2

What does a CVA/stroke result in?

Answer 2

• due blockage or hemorrhage of blood vessel, causes a lack of oxygen.
  (Ischemia)
• leads to cell death

Question 3

What and who is the risk factors for CVA?

Answer 3

• Age
• Blacks
• Artiral fibrillation
• oral contraceptives
• Menopause due to estrogen changes
• Diabetics
• Familiy history of CVA
• Carotid Bruit- abnormal sound in carotid artery

Question 4

What is Transient Ischemic Attacks ?

Answer 4

• Bried episodes of neurological dysfunction caused by ischemia to brain
• Last less than one hour with no evidence of acute stroke

Question 5

What percentage of strokes preceded by TIA?

Answer 5

10%

Question 6

When does CVA occurs with TIA?

Answer 6

Within the first 4 days

Question 7

What are the different types of CVA?

Answer 7

Ischemic
Hemorrhagic

Question 8

What is ischemic CVA

Answer 8

• Blockage in cerebral blood vessel
• Thrombus or embulus

Question 9

What is Hemorrhagic CVA

Answer 9

• Rupture of a blood vessel
• 15% of all CVA’s

Question 10

What are the different Factors of Hemorrhagic CVA.

Answer 10

Hypertension
Anticoagulation
Tumor
Substance abuse
Aneurysm

Question 11

What are the different types of Hemorrhagic CVA?

Answer 11

• Intracerebal
• Subarachnoid

Question 12

What is intracerebral CVA (Hemorrhagic)?

Answer 12

• More common
• Defective artery within the brain burst
• Can lead to additional damage
• increased mortality rate

Question 13

What is Subarachnoid CVA (Hemorrhagic)?

Answer 13

Blood vesseks on the surface of the brain ruptures and bleeds into subarachnoid space

Pressure on cerebellum

Question 14

What are are the signs and symptoms of Ischemic CVA?

Answer 14

• Stop and start again as stroke progresses
• location influences symptoms
• Embolic strokes
• Thrombotic Stroke
• Altered level of consciousness
• Puipls unequal dialted
• confusion dizziness
• change in balance or cooridination
• vision changes
• dysphagia
• speech changes
• deviation of tongue
• Drooling
• Facial droop
• numbness or tingling in arm or leg (one or both sides)
• nausea vomiting

Question 15

What are the signs and symptoms of Hemorrhagic CVA?

Answer 15

• Similar to ischemic stroke
• Onset abrupt and rapid
• Sever headache usually in occipital area
• Increase BP
• Subarachnoid CVA
• inability to stand or walk
• papilary malalignment
• vomiting nausea
• altered level of consciousness

Question 16

What are the different stroke scales?

Answer 16

• Cinicinnati prehospital stroke scale
• Los Angeles Pre-hospital stroke scale
• NIH extensive scale
• Looking for facial palsy, arm motor weakness, dysarthria

Question 17

What is the treatment for CVA?

Answer 17

• Contact EMS
• Position PT supine (unconscious)
• Position PT semi-supine (conscious)
• Administer 02 4-6L
• Montior vital signs
• BLS
• Test Glucose levels to rule out hypoglycemia
• Transport to ED