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Medical Emergencies Dental > Lecture 4 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Exam 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

*Also known as mycocardial ischemia

A pathologic condition caused by lack of oxygen to the tissue

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2
Q

Chest pain of cardiac origin is most often the result of?

A

Coronary Heart Disease
Ischemic Heart Disease
Atherosclerotic Heart Disease

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3
Q

What are the Risk factors of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

A
  • Gender
  • Age
    *Heredity
  • Obesity
  • Physcial inactivity
  • Tobacco
  • High BP
  • High Cholesterol
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4
Q

Who does CAD affects?

A
  • Affects men more than females
  • Most likely due to hormonal status in women
  • Postmenopausal women are at higher risk
  • Hormone replacement therapy can reduce risk
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5
Q

With age CAD is?

A
  • Greater risk factor
  • Result of progressive atherosclerosis
  • Onset occurs after age 65
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6
Q

CAD- Heredity including race results in?

A
  • Family history
  • African Americans higher CAD mortality rate
  • Middle -aged Black men highes mortality rate
  • Non-hispanic whites have second highest mortality rate
  • Black women are more at risk than nonhispanic women.
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7
Q

CAD with tobacco use equals?

A
  • Smokers 2-4x to develop CAD
  • Speeds up the development of coronary plaques and promotes rupture and coronary thrombosis.
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8
Q

With hypertension, who are more at risk for CHD?

A

Over 50, with systolic more than 140mmHg.

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9
Q

What is Hypercholesterolemia?

A
  • Cholesterol- waxy fatlike substance made in liver
  • Too much results in atherosclerosis and CHD
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10
Q

What are the complications of Diabetes?

A
  • CAD due to atherosclerosis
  • Atherisclerosis speeds up and becomes more severe in diabetics.
    *
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11
Q

What is the percentage of diabetics die from some form if CAD or complication?

A

75%

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12
Q

What are the obesity and physical activity risk factors ?

A
  • Risk factor for CAD
  • Leads to type 2 diabetes
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13
Q

Weight Control diet and excersise can reduce ?

A

Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia

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14
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A
  • Inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart
  • caused by atherosclerosis
  • Common medical emergency within dental office
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15
Q

What is Atherosclerosis ?

A

A build up of plaques on inner walls of large and medium sized arteries.

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16
Q

What to administer for Angina Pectoris?

A

Nitroglycerin

17
Q

What is Stable Angina?

A
  • Known as typical, chronic, classic or exertional.
  • Induced by excerise or stress
  • Chest pain lasting 1-15min
  • No Change in frequency, etiology or duration of symptoms in the last 60 days
18
Q

Can Pt with Angina be treated?

A

Yes but appointments should be short and minimally stressful

19
Q

What is Unstable Angina

A
  • Pt with unstable angina should recieve minial or emergency dental care after consultation
  • Meds maynot relieve pain
  • Higher risk for MI
  • Vasoconstrictor contraindicated
20
Q

What is Variant Angina ?

A
  • Occurs spontanteously usually while person at rest and at odd hours of the day or night
  • more common in women under 50 and at low risk for CAD
21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of stable Angina ?

A
  • Generalized chest discomfort: Pressure, burning, heaviness, squeezing, or choking
  • Radiates to left shoulder, arm, neck, lower jaw or tongue
  • Diaphoresis/Sweating
  • Pallor
  • Nausea
  • Vary in intensity
  • last 1-15 min
  • Increased pulse and BP
22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of unstable Angina ?

A
  • Same symptoms as stable, but may occur for no apparent reason
  • Intensity may be more acute
  • Last up to 30 min
23
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Variant Angina ?

A

Same as stable Angina
Palpitations synscope and dyspnea
More likely to occur at rest

24
Q

What are the treatment of angina ?

A
  • Terminate dental treatment
  • Semisupine or upright
  • Assess CABs
  • Administer Oxygen 3-6 liters/minute
  • Monitor VS
  • Nitroglycerine
  • If uses tablet, use every 5 minutes up to 3 doses- alleviates 2-4 minutes
  • If no improvement after 2nd dose call 911
25
Q

If patient presents with no history of angina hisotry but chest pain occurs what to do?

A

EMS should be called, and follow steps for angina to treat pt.

26
Q

What is Acute Myocardial Infraction (AMI)?

A

Necrosis of a portion of the myocardium due to total or partial occlusion of a coronary artery

27
Q

What can occur with Myocardial infraction?

A
  • Cardiac dysrhythmia- may occur after MI and is a high risk for death.
  • Bradycardia
  • Ventricular tachycardia
  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Asystole
28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of AMI ?

A

Classic Symptom- Chest pain 20 min or more
* Pressure, tightness,heaviness
* Burning
* squeezing
* Crushing sensation in middle of chest and or lower one third of epigastrium
* Pain radiates down arms, shoulder, jaw or back

29
Q

What are the sympotoms women show if they have AMI?

A
  • Atypical discomfort
  • Upper abdominal pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
30
Q

What happens to diabetics with MI?

A

They suffer silent MI

31
Q

What is the treatment for AMI ?

A
  • Terminate procedure
  • if Hx of Angina follow protocol
  • Upright or semisupine
  • Oxygen 4-6L
  • Monitor vitals
  • Administer nitroglycerine- 3 doses over 15 min
  • Administer asprin chewed 325mg
  • Manage pain- N2o
32
Q

When treating a patient with syptoms of AMI or Angina you administer nitrogycerine and the pain diminishes and then returns it is most likey ?

A

(AMI)
Acute Myocardial Infraction

Medical Emergencies Dental (16 decks)

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