Lecture 6 and 7 Flashcards
What is the lower limb adapted for?
weight bearing locomotion and bipedalism
Regions of the lower limb (4)
Gluteal
Thigh
Leg
Ankle
Foot
What does the pelvis do?
Transfers weight of the upper body to the lower body
Short notes on the composition of the pelvic girdle :
2 hip bones: huge and irregular and flatted
each consisting of: Pubis, Ilium. Ischium
with the sacrum and coccyx they form bowl shaped region
Right and left bone meet …
anteriorly forming the lateral and anterior walls
Function of the pelvic girdle
(i) Support and protect abdominal, pelvic organs and developing foetus.
(ii) Attach lower limbs to the trunk.
(iii) Transmit weight of upper body from vertebral
Function of the pelvic girdle
(i) Support and protect abdominal, pelvic organs and developing foetus.
(ii) Attach lower limbs to the trunk.
(iii) Transmit weight of upper body from vertebral column to lower limbs
What is a false pelvis
is an expanded portion of the cavity lying above
the pelvic brim.
what is a true pelvis
situated below the pelvic
brim and consists of an inlet, outlet and cavity.
comparison of the female and male pubic arch (pubic angle/ arch)
Female: border angle(80-90)
Male: acute angle
Bone thickness of male and female pelvis
Female: less, lighter and thinner
Male: heavy, more bone thickness, more prominant
Comparison of pelvis of male and female:
female: true pelvis more wide and defines birth canal
male: true pelvis narrow
Notes on the femur
longest and strongest bone
in the erect posture its slightly inclined medially: has the proximal end, shaft and distal end
proximal end of the femur:
consists of the head, neck, greater and lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric crest and line
Shaft of the femur:
linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and popliteal surface
Distal end of the femur:
consists of medial and lateral condyles,
intercondylar fossa, patellar surface.
Function of the femur
Holding the weight of your body when you stand and move.
Stabilizing you as you move
.
Connecting muscles, tendons and ligaments in your hips and knees to the rest of your body.
Patella: structure
flat triangular, situated anterior to distal end of the femur
medial and lateral facets articulate with condyle of the femur
difference between the patella anterior and posterior surface
anterior: roughened
posterior: Smooth nd oval
functions of pattela
shields tendons against friction
Changes the direction of pull and
increases mechanical advantage.
Short notes on the tibia
Larger weight bearing bone
situated one medial side of leg
expanded proximally to form knee joint and narrows distally to form ankle joint
Proximal end of the Tibia
medially and laterally condyles
intercondylar eminence
tibial tuberosity
Shaft of the tibia
Soleal line
Distal end of the tibia
Medial articular surface
short notes Fibula
Slender bone located laterally it is the smaller of the two leg bones
Proximal end of the fibula
head, articular facet for tibia
Shaft of the fibula
slender with sharp borders
distal of the fibula
lateral malleolus
short notes on the foot
The skeleton of the foot consists of 3 parts: the
tarsus (ankle), metatarsus, and phalanges
Tarsus
7 bones:
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
medial cuneiforms
intermediate and lateral cuneiform
Metatarsus
5 bones
Phalanges
14 bones
short notes on the Arches of the foot
medial
lateral
transverse
function of the arches
distribute body weight
absorb stress and act as levers during walking
make space for blood vessels, nerves and muscles of the foot
Mechanisms of support
Shape of the bones
strong ligaments
tendons
