Lecture 3 Flashcards
Short notes on the skeletal system
Skeletal tissue is a modified connective tissues into an organisation makes them strong.
Consists of bones cartilage and ligaments 
Short note on the bone 
Forms majority of the skeleton
Consists of connective tissues that is hardened by the minerals salts like calcium
Bones are classified according to structure and shape
Long bones
Have greater length than width
Consists if a shaft and variable extremities
Short bones
Somewhat cub shaped
Nearly equal in length and width
Flat bones
Have thin flatted surfaces and usually curved
Irregular bones
Have complex shapes and don’t fit into any of above categories
Sesamoid bones
Oval shaped nodules that are surround with certain tendons
They protect tendons against friction
Change the direction of pull and increase mechanical advantage
Sutural bones
Irregular bone found at the sutures of the skull
Also called Wormian bones
They vary from person to person
Tuberosity
Large rounded projection , may be roughened
Crest
Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
Trochanter
Very large
Irregular shaped process
Line
Narrow ridge but less prominent
Tubercle
Small rounded projection or process
Epicondyle
Raised area on or above condyle
Spine
Sharp, often a pointed projection
Process
Any bony prominence
Head
Bony expansion carried by narrow neck
Facet
Smooth, nearly flat
Condyle
Rounded articular projection
Ramus
Armlike bar of bone
Groove
Furrow
Fissure
Narrow, slit like opening
Notch
Indentation at the edge of a structure
Meatus
Canal like passageway
Sinus
Cavity with a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Fossa
Shallow, Basi like depression
Functions of the skeletal system
Support
movement
protective enclosure of viscera blood formation, mineral storage , electrolyte and acid base
Notes on Cartilage
Supportive connective tissue
Not hard and rigid
Gives shape , support, structure to other body tissue
Also helps with cushion joints
Smoothens bones surface at joint and reduce friction
Short notes on ligaments
Short bands of tough flexible connective tissue that hold bones together
They guid and limit movement between the bones
Name According to position or bony attachment
Notes on axial skeleton
Forms the longitudinal axis
Consists of 80 bones
Participates in vital functions
Protects and supports internal organs
Extensive surface area for the attachment of muscles
Appendicular skeleton
Consists of the bones of the limbs
126 bones
Allows you to move around
Joints
A site where two or more bones come together
They allow the bones to move
The skeleton flexible
Have 3 types
Fibrous joints
Joined by fibrous tissue and little movement is possible
Cartilaginous joints
Bones united by cartilage
No movement to small amount of movement
Synovial joints
Separated by a cavity containing thin of fluid
Great amount of movement
