Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is human Biology

A

The study of anatomy physiology development of the human body and biotic and a biotic factors that influence the well-being of the body

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2
Q

Short note on Gross Anatomy

A

Examination of relatively large structures of features that are visible under an unaided eye it is divided into
regional anatomy
systematic anatomy
clinical anatomy surface anatomy

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3
Q

Short notes on developmental anatomy

A

Changes in form that occur from fertilisation to physical maturity and death
Divided into embryology

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4
Q

Short notes on microscopic anatomy

A

The study of features that cannot be seen without a magnet or a light microscope 
Divided into histology and cytology

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5
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Each region of the body is studied separately and all aspects of that region are I studied at the same time

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6
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Each system of the body is studied and followed through out the entire body

examples of this would be your cardiovascular system nervous system digestive system

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7
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

Application of anatomical knowledge to clinical problem-solving and clinical practice

Example radiographic anatomy

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8
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Surface marking End of their relation to deeper surfaces

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9
Q

Embryology

A

Study of development during the first eight weeks after fertilisation

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10
Q

cytology

A

Study of internal structures of individual cells the simplest building blocks of life

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11
Q

histology

A

Study of Tissues

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12
Q

Four types of tissues

A

Epithelial tissue which covers the body surfaces line cavities and forms glands

Connective tissue: It’s good to support and binds organs stores energy reserves

Muscular tissue: Active generation of force to produce movement

Nervous tissue: Initiate transmits and interprets nerve impulses the coordinates body activity 

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13
Q

Cell physiology 

A

Study of chemical processes within cells and interactions between cells

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14
Q

Organ Physiology

A

Study of functions of specific organs 

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15
Q

Systemic physiology

A

Study of functioning of organ systems

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16
Q

Pathological physiology

A

Study of the effect of diseases on organs organ system function

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17
Q

Six levels of organisation

A

Chemical level
cellular level
Tissue level
organ level
organ system level
organism level

18
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms and molecules

19
Q

Cellular level

A

Calls from organelles which are components of cells which are the smallest units in the body

20
Q

Tissue level

A

Groups of cells with similar functions

21
Q

Organ level 

A

Combination of two or more tissues

22
Q

Organ system level 

A

Group of organs interacting to perform particular functions

23
Q

Organism level 

A

individual highest level
all organs work together to maintain health and life of organism

24
Q

The 11 organ systems in the body

A

Integumentary
Skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive system

25
System for protection, support and movement
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular
26
For internal communication and integration
Nervous Endocrine
27
System for fluid transport
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
28
System of intake and output
Respiratory Digestive Urinary
29
System of reproduction
Reproductive system
30
Function of the integumentary system (Skin, sweat glands, nails, hair)
Provides protection against environmental hazards helps regulate blood temperature provides sensory information
31
Function of the skeletal system Bones cartilage associated ligaments bone marrow
Provides support and protection for other tissues stores calcium and other minerals forms blood cells
32
Function of the Muscular system
Provides movement provides protection and support for other tissues generate heat that maintains body temperature
33
Function of the nervous system Brain Spinal cord Peripheral Sense organs
Direct immediate responses to stimuli Coordinate activities of other organ systems Provides interpret sensory information about external conditions
34
Functions of endocrine system 
Direct long-term changes in other activities of the organ systems Adjust metabolic activity and energy use of the body Controls many structural and functional changes during development 
35
Function of the cardiovascular system
Distributes blood cells water and dissolves minerals Distributes heat and assists in control of the body temperature 
36
Functions of the lymphatic system
Defence against infection and disease returns tissue fluid to the blood stream 
37
Functions of the respiratory system
Delivers air to alveoli Provides oxygen to bloodstream Removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream Produces sounds for communication
38
Functions of the digestive system
Process and digests food Absorbs and conserves water Absorbs nutrients Stores energy reserves
39
Functions of the urinary
Excretes waste products from the blood Controls water balance by regulating volume of Urine produced Stores urine prior to voluntary Regulates blood ion concentration and PH
40
Anomalies…
Vary in severity from relativity harmless to life threatening