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SCAF midterm > LECTURE 5 - The Lobes > Flashcards

LECTURE 5 - The Lobes Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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2
Q

What divides visual cortex in upper and lower halves?

A

Calcarine Fissure

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3
Q

Which area encompasses much of primary visual cortex?

A

Calcarine Sulcus

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4
Q

What is the lingual gyrus?

A

plays a role in vision especially in word recognition

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5
Q

___ is often referred to as the ___ cortex because of its distinct stripes.

A

V1 (BA 17), striate

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6
Q

How many visual areas have been identified?

A

9

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7
Q

In which V area is motion?

A

MT+

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8
Q

Which V area is color sensitive?

A

V8

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9
Q

V1 is the primary visual cortex, 1st level of processing. V1 receives the largest input from the ___ (located in the ___) and projects to __.

A

LGN, ___, all other occipital regions

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10
Q

V2 projects to ___.

A

all other occipital regions

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11
Q

After V2, what three distinct parallel pathways aid in further info processing?

A

dorsal, ventral, STS

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12
Q

V__ and V__ help ___ and ___ info to more specialized visual areas.

A

1, 2, segregate, deliver

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13
Q

V___ is involved in form perception.

A

3

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14
Q

V__ and V__ are responsive to __ and ___.

A

4, 8, shape color

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15
Q

V__ and MT+ are involved in perception of objects in motion.

A

5

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16
Q

The dorsal stream is involved in visual guidance of actions and recognition of ___ objects are in space.

A

where

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17
Q

The ventral stream is associated with ___ objects are including color and form.

A

what

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18
Q

Both dorsal and ventral pathways originate from ___.

A

V1

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19
Q

Vision for action (grasping a cup) is a function of ___ visual areas.

A

parietal

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20
Q

Action for vision (scanning faces) involves __ __.

A

eye movements

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21
Q

Visual recognition is recognition of faces, expressions, letters/symbols - able to assign meaning from the ___ lobe.

A

temporal

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22
Q

Damage to V1 will affect vision in __ __.

A

both eyes

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23
Q

If vision is affected in only one eye, where is the damage?

A

retina, or optic nerve

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24
Q

___ ___ refers to loss of sight in one eye due to damage to retina or optic nerve.

A

monocular blindness

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25
Q

___ ___ refers to loss of vision of both temporal fields due to lesion of __ __ __, and can be caused by a tumor in the __ __). Results in loss of __ vision.

A

bitemporal hemianopia, medial optic chiasm, pituitary gland

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26
Q

___ ___ refers to lesion of ___ ___, resulting in loss of vision in one ___ ___.

A

nasal hemianopia, lateral chiasm, nasal field

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27
Q

___ ___ refers to blindness of entire visual field due to a cut in: 1) __ __, 2) ___ or 3) __. Disturbance is present in both eyes.

A

homonymous hemianopia, optic tract, LGN, V1

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28
Q

___ ___ is due to more __ __ to the area, or ___ lesions.

A

macular sparing, vascular supply, cortical

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29
Q

Quadrantanopia occurs when the __ __ is damaged.

A

Calcarine Fissure

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30
Q

The ventral stream starts in ___ and ends in ___ visual areas.

A

V1, temporal

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31
Q

The dorsal stream starts in ___ and ends in ___ visual areas.

A

V1, parietal

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32
Q

___ is the inability to recognize objects or their pictorial representations.

A

agnosia

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33
Q

___ is the inability to name objects.

A

anomia

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34
Q

__ __ is any failure of object recognition in which basic visual functions are preserved

A

apperceptive agnosia

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35
Q

___ is the inability to recognize any previously known faces, often including own face in mirror

A

prosopagnosia

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36
Q

Prosopagnosia is due to damage to __ __.

A

fusiform gyrus (bilateral and asymmetrical)

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37
Q

___ is the inability to read.

A

alexia

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38
Q

Alexia is due to damage to __ __ and __ areas.

A

left fusiform, lingual areas

39
Q

___ ___ refers to topographical disorientation (cannot navigate around familiar environments).

A

visuospatial agnosia

40
Q

Visuospatial agnosia is due to damage to __ __ region.

A

right occipitotemporal

41
Q

The __ lobe integrates __ and __ info, in determining __ sense and __.

A

parietal, somatosensory, visual, spatial, navigation

42
Q

BA 1-3 constitute the __ area.

A

primary somatosensory

43
Q

BA 4 constitutes the __ cortex.

A

motor

44
Q

BA __ plays a role in guiding movement, by providing info about limb position.

A

5

45
Q

BA __ receives heavy somatosensory input from BA 1-3 and motor/premotor cortex. Also plays a role in movement.

A

7

46
Q

BA 7+ visual areas control __ __ behaviors with respect to __ and __ info.

A

spatially guided, visual, tactile

47
Q

The __ __ lobe is associated with recognition of somatic sensations and perceptions.

A

anterior parietal

48
Q

The __ __ lobe is the primary zone for integrations of __ and __ inputs.

A

posterior parietal, visual, somatosensory

49
Q

What is simultagnosia?

A

inability to perceive more than one object at the same time

50
Q

__ __ is a dyskinesia with eye to hand movements or an inability to use VS info to guide arm movements.

A

optic ataxia

51
Q

__ __ combines paralysis of visual fixation, optic ataxia, and impairment of visual fixation.

A

Balint’s Syndrome

52
Q

Balint’s syndrome is a rare oculomotor disorder due to __ lesions of the __ and __ lobes.

A

bilateral, parietal, occipital

53
Q

Contralateral neglect is most often seen after large areas of damage to the __ side __ lobe.

A

right, parietal

54
Q

People with __ __ lesions have difficulty recognizing objects from unfamiliar viewpoints.

A

right parietal

55
Q

Gerstmann Syndrome is characterized by what primary symptoms? Caused by damage where?

A

agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right disorientation, angular gyrus

56
Q

__ is the inability to perceive motion.

A

akinetopsia

57
Q

__ is the inability to execute purposeful movements in the absence of muscular disorders.

A

apraxia

58
Q

__ is abnormal motor control and lack of muscle coordination.

A

ataxia

59
Q

Damage to the posterior parietal cortex may cause a number of spatial disorders, including…

A

simultanagnosia, neglect, akinetopsia, apraxia, ataxia, optic ataxia

60
Q

The __ __ separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes.

A

Sylvian (lateral) fissure

61
Q

The __ cortex includes the amygdala, uncus, hippocampus, surrounding cortex and Fusiform gyrus

A

limbic

62
Q

The __ is an anterior extension of the hippocampus.

A

uncus

63
Q

The gustatory cortex and association cortex are located in the __.

A

insula

64
Q

A __ __ projection goes from visual/auditory association areas to limbic regions (hippocampus = perforant pathway)

A

medial temporal

65
Q

In frontal lobe projections, visual/auditory info goes to __ and __ __ cortex.

A

orbital, dorsolateral prefrontal

66
Q

The superior temporal gyrus is involved in __.

A

audition

67
Q

The inferior temporal cortex is involved in __.

A

vision

68
Q

Amygdala + visual/auditory info: __.

A

emotions

69
Q

Hippocampus + associated cortex: __ and __ memory.

A

spatial, object

70
Q

Imaging studies reveal bilateral activation along the __ during perception of biological motion.

A

STS

71
Q

Biological motion includes…

A

direction of eye gaze, head movement, mouth movement, facial expression, hand movement

72
Q

Damage to left temporal lobe is associated with deficits in __ and __.

A

verbal memory, speech production

73
Q

Damage to right temporal lobe is associated with deficits in __, __, and __.

A

nonverbal memory, music processing, face recognition

74
Q

In __ __, words are very compressed or telegraphic in style; speech comprehension is usually good.

A

Broca’s aphasia

75
Q

__ __ are often painfully aware that they are having language difficulties.

A

Broca’s aphasics

76
Q

__ __ are unaware of their difficulty speaking.

A

Wernicke’s aphasics

77
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia is characterized by __ and __.

A

neologisms, word salad

78
Q

The three distinct functional zones of the frontal lobes are…

A

motor, premotor, prefrontal

79
Q

Motor area of frontal lobe is associated with BA _.

A

4

80
Q

Premotor area of frontal lobe is associated with BA _ and _.

A

6, 8

81
Q

Prefrontal area of frontal lobe has three parts…

A

dorsolateral, inferior/orbital, medial

82
Q

Dorsolateral prefrontal is BAs _ and _.

A

9, 46

83
Q

Inferior/orbital prefrontal is BAs _ through _.

A

11-14

84
Q

Medial prefrontal is BAs _ and _.

A

25, 32

85
Q

The __ cortex is responsible for making movements or execution of individual movements.

A

motor

86
Q

The __ cortex selects the movements to be executed.

A

premotor

87
Q

The __ cortex controls cognitive process so the appropriate movements are selected at correct time and place.

A

prefrontal

88
Q

Frontal lobe functions involve __ organization of behaviors.

A

temporal

89
Q

Orbital frontal cortex includes at least 5 subregions, BA __ through __.

A

10-14

90
Q

OFC medio-temporal cortical connection involved with recognition and memory are activated when __.

A

learning new visual info

91
Q

OFC connections to amygdala and hypothalamus are activated in response to __.

A

unpleasant auditory stimuli

92
Q

Persons with __ on __ __ lobe may perform poorly on a word fluency test.

A

astrocytoma, right frontal

93
Q

BA __ involves new visual info being learned

A

11

94
Q

Frontal lobe patients can show __ and __ __ _ __ on doodle task.

A

perseveration, lack of spontaneity

SCAF midterm (22 decks)

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