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SCAF midterm > LECTURE 5 - The Lobes > Flashcards

LECTURE 5 - The Lobes Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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2
Q

What divides visual cortex in upper and lower halves?

A

Calcarine Fissure

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3
Q

Which area encompasses much of primary visual cortex?

A

Calcarine Sulcus

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4
Q

What is the lingual gyrus?

A

plays a role in vision especially in word recognition

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5
Q

___ is often referred to as the ___ cortex because of its distinct stripes.

A

V1 (BA 17), striate

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6
Q

How many visual areas have been identified?

A

9

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7
Q

In which V area is motion?

A

MT+

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8
Q

Which V area is color sensitive?

A

V8

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9
Q

V1 is the primary visual cortex, 1st level of processing. V1 receives the largest input from the ___ (located in the ___) and projects to __.

A

LGN, ___, all other occipital regions

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10
Q

V2 projects to ___.

A

all other occipital regions

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11
Q

After V2, what three distinct parallel pathways aid in further info processing?

A

dorsal, ventral, STS

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12
Q

V__ and V__ help ___ and ___ info to more specialized visual areas.

A

1, 2, segregate, deliver

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13
Q

V___ is involved in form perception.

A

3

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14
Q

V__ and V__ are responsive to __ and ___.

A

4, 8, shape color

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15
Q

V__ and MT+ are involved in perception of objects in motion.

A

5

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16
Q

The dorsal stream is involved in visual guidance of actions and recognition of ___ objects are in space.

A

where

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17
Q

The ventral stream is associated with ___ objects are including color and form.

A

what

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18
Q

Both dorsal and ventral pathways originate from ___.

A

V1

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19
Q

Vision for action (grasping a cup) is a function of ___ visual areas.

A

parietal

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20
Q

Action for vision (scanning faces) involves __ __.

A

eye movements

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21
Q

Visual recognition is recognition of faces, expressions, letters/symbols - able to assign meaning from the ___ lobe.

A

temporal

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22
Q

Damage to V1 will affect vision in __ __.

A

both eyes

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23
Q

If vision is affected in only one eye, where is the damage?

A

retina, or optic nerve

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24
Q

___ ___ refers to loss of sight in one eye due to damage to retina or optic nerve.

A

monocular blindness

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25
___ ___ refers to loss of vision of both temporal fields due to lesion of __ __ __, and can be caused by a tumor in the __ __). Results in loss of __ vision.
bitemporal hemianopia, medial optic chiasm, pituitary gland
26
___ ___ refers to lesion of ___ ___, resulting in loss of vision in one ___ ___.
nasal hemianopia, lateral chiasm, nasal field
27
___ ___ refers to blindness of entire visual field due to a cut in: 1) __ __, 2) ___ or 3) __. Disturbance is present in both eyes.
homonymous hemianopia, optic tract, LGN, V1
28
___ ___ is due to more __ __ to the area, or ___ lesions.
macular sparing, vascular supply, cortical
29
Quadrantanopia occurs when the __ __ is damaged.
Calcarine Fissure
30
The ventral stream starts in ___ and ends in ___ visual areas.
V1, temporal
31
The dorsal stream starts in ___ and ends in ___ visual areas.
V1, parietal
32
___ is the inability to recognize objects or their pictorial representations.
agnosia
33
___ is the inability to name objects.
anomia
34
__ __ is any failure of object recognition in which basic visual functions are preserved
apperceptive agnosia
35
___ is the inability to recognize any previously known faces, often including own face in mirror
prosopagnosia
36
Prosopagnosia is due to damage to __ __.
fusiform gyrus (bilateral and asymmetrical)
37
___ is the inability to read.
alexia
38
Alexia is due to damage to __ __ and __ areas.
left fusiform, lingual areas
39
___ ___ refers to topographical disorientation (cannot navigate around familiar environments).
visuospatial agnosia
40
Visuospatial agnosia is due to damage to __ __ region.
right occipitotemporal
41
The __ lobe integrates __ and __ info, in determining __ sense and __.
parietal, somatosensory, visual, spatial, navigation
42
BA 1-3 constitute the __ area.
primary somatosensory
43
BA 4 constitutes the __ cortex.
motor
44
BA __ plays a role in guiding movement, by providing info about limb position.
5
45
BA __ receives heavy somatosensory input from BA 1-3 and motor/premotor cortex. Also plays a role in movement.
7
46
BA 7+ visual areas control __ __ behaviors with respect to __ and __ info.
spatially guided, visual, tactile
47
The __ __ lobe is associated with recognition of somatic sensations and perceptions.
anterior parietal
48
The __ __ lobe is the primary zone for integrations of __ and __ inputs.
posterior parietal, visual, somatosensory
49
What is simultagnosia?
inability to perceive more than one object at the same time
50
__ __ is a dyskinesia with eye to hand movements or an inability to use VS info to guide arm movements.
optic ataxia
51
__ __ combines paralysis of visual fixation, optic ataxia, and impairment of visual fixation.
Balint's Syndrome
52
Balint's syndrome is a rare oculomotor disorder due to __ lesions of the __ and __ lobes.
bilateral, parietal, occipital
53
Contralateral neglect is most often seen after large areas of damage to the __ side __ lobe.
right, parietal
54
People with __ __ lesions have difficulty recognizing objects from unfamiliar viewpoints.
right parietal
55
Gerstmann Syndrome is characterized by what primary symptoms? Caused by damage where?
agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right disorientation, angular gyrus
56
__ is the inability to perceive motion.
akinetopsia
57
__ is the inability to execute purposeful movements in the absence of muscular disorders.
apraxia
58
__ is abnormal motor control and lack of muscle coordination.
ataxia
59
Damage to the posterior parietal cortex may cause a number of spatial disorders, including...
simultanagnosia, neglect, akinetopsia, apraxia, ataxia, optic ataxia
60
The __ __ separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes.
Sylvian (lateral) fissure
61
The __ cortex includes the amygdala, uncus, hippocampus, surrounding cortex and Fusiform gyrus
limbic
62
The __ is an anterior extension of the hippocampus.
uncus
63
The gustatory cortex and association cortex are located in the __.
insula
64
A __ __ projection goes from visual/auditory association areas to limbic regions (hippocampus = perforant pathway)
medial temporal
65
In frontal lobe projections, visual/auditory info goes to __ and __ __ cortex.
orbital, dorsolateral prefrontal
66
The superior temporal gyrus is involved in __.
audition
67
The inferior temporal cortex is involved in __.
vision
68
Amygdala + visual/auditory info: __.
emotions
69
Hippocampus + associated cortex: __ and __ memory.
spatial, object
70
Imaging studies reveal bilateral activation along the __ during perception of biological motion.
STS
71
Biological motion includes...
direction of eye gaze, head movement, mouth movement, facial expression, hand movement
72
Damage to left temporal lobe is associated with deficits in __ and __.
verbal memory, speech production
73
Damage to right temporal lobe is associated with deficits in __, __, and __.
nonverbal memory, music processing, face recognition
74
In __ __, words are very compressed or telegraphic in style; speech comprehension is usually good.
Broca's aphasia
75
__ __ are often painfully aware that they are having language difficulties.
Broca's aphasics
76
__ __ are unaware of their difficulty speaking.
Wernicke's aphasics
77
Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by __ and __.
neologisms, word salad
78
The three distinct functional zones of the frontal lobes are...
motor, premotor, prefrontal
79
Motor area of frontal lobe is associated with BA _.
4
80
Premotor area of frontal lobe is associated with BA _ and _.
6, 8
81
Prefrontal area of frontal lobe has three parts...
dorsolateral, inferior/orbital, medial
82
Dorsolateral prefrontal is BAs _ and _.
9, 46
83
Inferior/orbital prefrontal is BAs _ through _.
11-14
84
Medial prefrontal is BAs _ and _.
25, 32
85
The __ cortex is responsible for making movements or execution of individual movements.
motor
86
The __ cortex selects the movements to be executed.
premotor
87
The __ cortex controls cognitive process so the appropriate movements are selected at correct time and place.
prefrontal
88
Frontal lobe functions involve __ organization of behaviors.
temporal
89
Orbital frontal cortex includes at least 5 subregions, BA __ through __.
10-14
90
OFC medio-temporal cortical connection involved with recognition and memory are activated when __.
learning new visual info
91
OFC connections to amygdala and hypothalamus are activated in response to __.
unpleasant auditory stimuli
92
Persons with __ on __ __ lobe may perform poorly on a word fluency test.
astrocytoma, right frontal
93
BA __ involves new visual info being learned
11
94
Frontal lobe patients can show __ and __ __ _ __ on doodle task.
perseveration, lack of spontaneity

SCAF midterm (22 decks)

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