Chapter 5

Question 1

The substance that Otto Loewi found to accelerate the heart was later identified as __________.

Answer 1

epinephrine

Question 2

During which step of neurotransmission is a neurotransmitter transported to the presynaptic membrane?

a. inactivation
b. release
c. receptor action
d. synthesis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which ion is mainly responsible for transmitter release?

a. Ca2+
b. Na+
c. K+
d. Cl-

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Transmitter-activated receptors are located __________.

a. on the presynaptic membrane
b. on the postsynaptic membrane
c. on both the pre- and postsynaptic membranes
d. in the nuclear membrane only

Answer 4

C, on both the pre- and postsynaptic membranes

Question 5

Synapses where an axon releases a neurotransmitter directly into the blood are called __________ synapses.

a. axomuscular
b. axosomatic
c. axoextracellular
d. axosecretory

Answer 5

D. axosecretory

Question 6

Which experimental criterion is NOT used to identify a chemical as a neurotransmitter?

a. A substance must contain an amine group.
b. The chemical can be introduced into the synapse artificially to produce a response.
c. The chemical must be synthesized in or present in the neuron.
d. The chemical must be released when the neuron is active.

Answer 6

A. A substance must contain an amine group.

Question 7

Dopamine is synthesized from __________.

Answer 7

tyrosine

Question 8

The number of substances now known to be peptide neurotransmitters is about __________.

Answer 8

50

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by the drug Viagra?

Answer 9

nitric oxide

Question 10

The precursor to which neurotransmitter is used to treat Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 10

dopamine

Question 11

Which type of postsynaptic receptor does NOT contain a pore, and acts indirectly?

a. holotropic
b. ionotropic
c. second messenger
d. metabotropic

Answer 11

D

Question 12

The main transmitter found in the locus coeruleus is __________.

Answer 12

norepinephrine

Question 13

The effects of the opiate drugs are most closely matched by __________.

Answer 13

met enkephalin

Question 14

The __________ neural activating system is believed to be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Answer 14

seretonergic

Question 15

The loss of neurons whose main neurotransmitter is __________ is thought to be involved in the memory deficits seen in Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 15

acetylcholine