LECTURE 1 Flashcards
What is the rate of brain growth during development?
250,000 neurons every minute
Almost all the neurons that the brain will ever have are present at what age?
birth
By the age of ___, the brain is about ___% of the adult size.
2, 80
How does the brain continue to grow, if the brain has most of the neurons it will get when you are born?
glial cells [?] plasticity [?]
What kind of cells insulate nerve cells with myelin?
glial
The nervous system develops from embryonic tissue called the ____.
ectoderm
The first sign of the developing nervous system is the ____ that can be seen at about the 16th day of development.
neural plate
During development, a “trench” is formed in the neural plate. This creates a ____.
neural groove
By the 21st day of development, a _____ is formed when the edges of the neural groove meet.
neural tube
The rostral part of the _____ goes on to develop into the brain and the rest develops into the ____.
neural tubes, spinal cord
Neural crest cells become the _____.
peripheral nervous system
At the front end of the _____, three major brain areas are formed. By the 7th week of development, these three areas divide again. What is this process called?
neural tube, encephalization
The adult brain makes about ___% of the total body weight.
2
What are the grooves in the brain called?
sulci (or fissures)
What are the “bumps” on the surface of the brain called?
gyri
What are the different views of the brain?
dorsal, ventral, lateral, medial
If the brain is sliced from front to back, what is the section called?
mid-saggital
If the brain is sliced from ear to ear, what is the section called?
coronal
What are the different lobes of the brain?
temporal, occipital, parietal, frontal
What is the lateral fissure?
?
What is the calcarine fissure?
?
What are two connections between hemispheres?
corpus callosum, anterior commissure
What are the output cell layers, and what do they do? Where are they?
V and VI send axons to other brain areas; large cells in the motor cortex
What is the input cell layer, and what does it do? Where is it?
IV receives axons from sensory systems and other cortical areas; small cells in the primary areas of vision, somatosensation, audition, olfaction
What are the association cell layers, and what do they do?
I, II and III receive input from layer IV; mostly found in the secondary and tertiary areas of the cortex
The limbic lobe includes what structures?
hippocampus, septum, cingulate, amygdala, fornix, mammillary bodies
What are functions of the limbic lobe?
memory, emotions, olfaction, spatial behavior
What structures make up the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
What are functions of the ventricles?
protection, buoyancy, excretion of waste products, endocrine medium for the brain
What is the Circle of Willis?
anterior communicating artery - 2 anterior cerebral arteries; 2 posterior communicating arteries - internal carotid arteries and posterior cerebral arteries
