LECTURE 1

Question 1

What is the rate of brain growth during development?

Answer 1

250,000 neurons every minute

Question 2

Almost all the neurons that the brain will ever have are present at what age?

Answer 2

birth

Question 3

By the age of ___, the brain is about ___% of the adult size.

Answer 3

2, 80

Question 4

How does the brain continue to grow, if the brain has most of the neurons it will get when you are born?

Answer 4

glial cells [?] plasticity [?]

Question 5

What kind of cells insulate nerve cells with myelin?

Answer 5

glial

Question 6

The nervous system develops from embryonic tissue called the ____.

Answer 6

ectoderm

Question 7

The first sign of the developing nervous system is the ____ that can be seen at about the 16th day of development.

Answer 7

neural plate

Question 8

During development, a “trench” is formed in the neural plate. This creates a ____.

Answer 8

neural groove

Question 9

By the 21st day of development, a _____ is formed when the edges of the neural groove meet.

Answer 9

neural tube

Question 10

The rostral part of the _____ goes on to develop into the brain and the rest develops into the ____.

Answer 10

neural tubes, spinal cord

Question 11

Neural crest cells become the _____.

Answer 11

peripheral nervous system

Question 12

At the front end of the _____, three major brain areas are formed. By the 7th week of development, these three areas divide again. What is this process called?

Answer 12

neural tube, encephalization

Question 13

The adult brain makes about ___% of the total body weight.

Answer 13

2

Question 14

What are the grooves in the brain called?

Answer 14

sulci (or fissures)

Question 15

What are the “bumps” on the surface of the brain called?

Answer 15

gyri

Question 16

What are the different views of the brain?

Answer 16

dorsal, ventral, lateral, medial

Question 17

If the brain is sliced from front to back, what is the section called?

Answer 17

mid-saggital

Question 18

If the brain is sliced from ear to ear, what is the section called?

Answer 18

coronal

Question 19

What are the different lobes of the brain?

Answer 19

temporal, occipital, parietal, frontal

Question 20

What is the lateral fissure?

Answer 20

?

Question 21

What is the calcarine fissure?

Answer 21

?

Question 22

What are two connections between hemispheres?

Answer 22

corpus callosum, anterior commissure

Question 23

What are the output cell layers, and what do they do? Where are they?

Answer 23

V and VI send axons to other brain areas; large cells in the motor cortex

Question 24

What is the input cell layer, and what does it do? Where is it?

Answer 24

IV receives axons from sensory systems and other cortical areas; small cells in the primary areas of vision, somatosensation, audition, olfaction

Question 25

What are the association cell layers, and what do they do?

Answer 25

I, II and III receive input from layer IV; mostly found in the secondary and tertiary areas of the cortex

Question 26

The limbic lobe includes what structures?

Answer 26

hippocampus, septum, cingulate, amygdala, fornix, mammillary bodies

Question 27

What are functions of the limbic lobe?

Answer 27

memory, emotions, olfaction, spatial behavior

Question 28

What structures make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 28

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

Question 29

What are functions of the ventricles?

Answer 29

protection, buoyancy, excretion of waste products, endocrine medium for the brain

Question 30

What is the Circle of Willis?

Answer 30

anterior communicating artery - 2 anterior cerebral arteries; 2 posterior communicating arteries - internal carotid arteries and posterior cerebral arteries