lecture 5 - prison reform Flashcards
foucalt discipline and punish was concerned with monumental shift that occurred between what 2 penal styles?
- corporal punishment
- imprisonment
foucalt said we transitioned from
what culture to what culture
transition from a culture of spectacle to a carceral culture
foucalt interested in how and why this transition occurred
the birth of the prison was out what agenda?
reformist agenda
why was the reformist agenda in prisons implemented?
- implemented because of 19th century outcries over INHUMANE TREATMENT of prisoners and the insane
what did foucalt argue to why the crime reformist agenda occurred in mainly prisons
arguing the reform occurred because prisons could punish better
- WERE MORE EFFICENT
What prison architecture did foucalt retrieve from jermemy bentham ?
the panoptican
what does the purpose of constant surveillance compel prisoners to do?
(foucalt)
- compel prisoners to regard themselves as subject to correction
- to coax prisoners to learn how to inspect, manage and correct themselves
what practical impact did foucault’s discipline and punishment have for marginal groups ?
- it was a more EFFICIENT way of managing marginal groups
what form of power do prisons operate with?
subtle and relentless form of power
what idea of power did the panopticon present?
presented an idea that you didn’t need to lock prisoners away in a prison cell all the time to hold power over them
what did the birth of the prison reform in punishment?
reformed the FUNCTION of punishment
function of prisons?
to keep an eye on and correct behaviours deemed to be counter productive
what did the woolf report 1991 set out recommdendations for?
recommendations for the greatest reform agenda for prison policy for the next 3 decades
what other new/ revised projects of reform and modernisation?
PPA
- political rhetoric
- penal reform
- aims of imprisonment
- prison building programme
examples of political rhetorics
- prison is a fiasco
- prison works
- the rehabilitation revolution
why is prisons a fiasco?
Ineffective at meeting its stated aims through….
- ineffective at meeting its stated aims,
- namely its ability to prevent future crimes through deterring, incapacitating and rehabilitation individuals
- or on basis its simply deserved
‘prison works’ encourages to do what?
build more prisons and make them harsher
what 3 things does the rehabilitation revolution argue for need to reshape
RRD
argues for need to reshape
- rehabilitation,
- resettlement
- desistance
What caused the government U turn from prison works
riot
discontinous with…
contradicted same gov judgement that said prison was…
- strangeways riot and woolf report
- discontinuous with CJA 1991
- contradicted same gov judgement that prison was ‘an expensive way of making bad people worse’
in 1999 and 2000 what % in magistrates court immediate custody
4.4%
14%
in 1999 and 2000 what % in crown court immediate custody
43%
64%
in 2000 what % were short term prison sentences up by
67%
what did ashworth 2003 encourage sentencers to apply a criterion based on whether or not right thinking members of the public would feel justice had….
NOT been done if the person RETAINED their liberty
3 examples of the tough on crime, law and order mantra
tougher…
tendency to propose…
focus on…
- tougher sentences - increase use of prisons
- tendency to propose harsher prison conditions (policy shifts since mid 1990s)
- focus on secure containment
rehabilitation revolution is now championed by….
successive governments
what needs to be at the heart of effective cjs
rehabilitation of offenders
what was introduced in 2006 by the home secretary charles clarke
the labour gov white paper a 5 year strategy for protecting the public and reducing reoffending
who gave the first speech from a PM on prison and rehabilitative reform for 20 years
david cameron in feb 2016
what did the queens speech include details about prison reform promise
promised that the gov plans for reform would constitute the ‘largest overhaul in prisons since the victorian times’
what 3 things did the 2021 white paper prison strategy to rehabilitate offenders and cut crime focus on
SEA
- substance misuse
- employment
- accommodation
what approach to drugs
zero tolerance
what did they provide all prisoners with on release to help support them back into the community
resettlement passports
when were the stringent austerity cuts
2017
the ministry of justice committed to creating how many additional prison places by mid 2020s?
18,000
what are rapid deployment cells
where were they unveiled
- new modern prison cells that can be built and rolled-out at speed in order to boost jail capacity and keep public safe
-unveiled at HMP norwich 2023
where was britains first smart prison
HMP five
smart prisons
design to
technology to
smart in its approach to
- smart design to phase out crime behind bars
- smart technology to rehabilitate offenders
- smart in its approach to getting offenders into jobs
example of prisons and new technology
in-cell phones
3 examples of wider reforms in cjs for end to end offender management
- national offender management service NOMS 2004
- replaced her majesties prison and probation service in 2017
- transforming rehabilitation TR agenda (offender rehabilitation act 2014)
national offender management service 2004
aims to bring prisons and ps under control of…
what type of offender management?
formal seperation of….
- aim to bring prisons and probation services under control of 1 single organisation to make it more efficient in reducing re-offending
- end to end offender management (OM)
- formal separation of OM and interventions
When was the national offender management service (NOMS) 2004 fully enacted under what act?
fully enacted under the offender management act 2007
what replaced NOMS 2004
replaced by her majesties prison and probation service in 2017
HMPPS
who introduced offender management in custody
when was it introduced
HMPPS in 2018
why was offender management in custody introduced
to improve…
to improve support offered to prisoners as they leave custody and are reintegrated back into the local community to reduce reoffending
what was transforming rehabilitation agenda and did it work?
- community rehabilitation companies (CRCs) work with low and medium risk offenders
- failed and low and medium risk offenders returned to probation service by 2021
what was foucalts main reform purpose for prisons and probation
MORE EFFICIENT
