lecture 11 - rehabilitative regimes and cultures Flashcards
rehabilitation is underpinned by?
- aims
- values
- principles
- etiological assumptions
what are the origins of cognitive-behavioural offending behaviour programmes? OBPs
origins in canadia ‘what works’ psychological research
what are prison based therapeutic communities? TCs
origins
what regime
- origins in social psychiatry
- distinctive regime for personality disordered offenders
- for serious offenders
what embodiment of values is in rehabilitative cultures and enabling environments
- core therapeutic community values (TCs)
2 examples of rehabilitation in prisons
- purposeful activities
- offending behaviour programmes
accredited offending behaviour programmes have what type of participation
- ‘voluntary’ participation
- risk assessment
- treatment readiness
offending behaviour programmes are mostly what type of program?
cognitive behavioural
what is cognitive behaviouralism
crime results from what thinking process?
combined with…
reinforced with what behaviour?
crime results from
- distorted thinking processes
- combined with socially and experientially learned and
- reinforced maladaptive behaviours
how does cognitive behavioural therapy change offenders?
links to what sociological theory?
- cognitions can be monitored and changed resulting in socially desirable attitudes and behaviours
- Links to bandura social learning theory
how do prisons use cognitive behavioural therapy in prisons
for a fixed duration and mostly groupwork
how effect are cognitive OBPs?
what programme can we use to improve them
mixed evidence and effectiveness (reconviction rates)
- may require booster programme
- or deliver cognitive OBP post-release in the community
what does carlen 2002 say about prison not being a therapeutic setting
carceral clawback of security and control
- mostly concerned with keeping people locked up rather than sending positive messages
what focus does the risk-need-responsivity model have
deficits focused
what is the risk section?
what risk to focus on?
intensity and type of rehab programme must match the offenders assessed level of risk of re-offending
- focus on high to medium risk only
- may be harmful to low risk offenders
what is the need level?
dynamic factors and criminogenic needs only
- need to only work on the things we can change = the big 4 variables
what are the big 4 variables of the need section?
- pro-criminal attitudes
- people you associate with
- anti-social personality disorder
- offending history
what is the specific responsivity section
treatment must be delivered using specific methods and styles to which offender will respond to
what is the general responsivity section?
examples
use only what research suggests works
- correctional services advice
-accreditation panel
what type of model is the good lives model
strengths-based
what is the premise of good lives model
- people are goal directed and seek out primary good to increase well-being, fulfilment
- these are achieved through secondary goods (relationships, education, careers etc)
- offending happens when the desired goods are
-not achievable appropriately,
too limited,
in conflict with other goals,
or lack capacity to adapt
in the good lives model how does treatment focus on meeting those goods?
holistically and pro-socially - more positive way of thinking
- avoidance or elimination of goals are not sufficient or always possible
- living a good life not just a less harmful one
what are they key concerns for general offending cognitive behavioural OBPs?
- cognitive distortions and deficits
- poor consequential thinking
- rigid and dichotomous thinking
- poor impulse control
what is an example of cognitive OBPs for general offending
how does it help
thinking skills programme
- develops problem-solving skills and
-social perspective taking
what example cognitive behavioural OBP is applicable to multiple programmes
kaizen
because its relating to violent offences
what contrasts cognitive behavioural approach
therapeutic community (TC) regime
what do therapeutic communities regimes consist of for treatment
- small group psychosocial therapy
- community meetings
- rep jobs and communal living
what is psychic determinism
everything has meaning
- everything that happened to you as some meaning in your life and impacts the way you behave now
what happens in small group psychosocial therapy
- slow open groups, non-directive
- residents as auxiliary therapists
- psychodrama and art therapy
what happens in community meetings?
- democratisaiton and flattened hierarchy
- self-policing and theraputic feedback
- commitment votes
what happens in rep jobs and communal living
- communal dining
-social evenings and family visits
What does early abuse, trauma and insecure attachment cause
- unconsicous conflicting motives
- fears
- unresolved conflcits
resulting in maladaptive protective behaviours
what does early abuse, trauma and insecure attachment require for treatment
strip them right back to where things go wrong and create alternative type of family in a secure base
- environment that is secure and comforting and accepting
- this environment allows corrective emotional experience
what is social learning in therapeutic community regimes
two way communication of content and feeling, listening, interaction, and problem solving
- trying to learn from each other by talking about your problems
5 examples of TC in penal estate
- grendon
- gartree
- dovegate
- warren hill
- send
when did grendon open
1962
how many places in grendon
how many for sexual offneders
and how many for TCs
233 places
40 for sex offenders
20 for TC
what was grendon used for?
for the damaged, disturbed, and dangerous
what did grendon have the highest of
highest MQPL of Cat B prisons
what does the prisoner have to do for TCs in the penal state
- prisoner must voluntarily apply and be assessed as suitable
what is the minimum stay for TC
18 months
is there CSU (segregation) in TCs
no
what type of staff teams do TC have
multidisciplinary staff teams
what disorder pathway are TCs embedded in
embedded in offender personality disorder pathway
what is the estimated need for TC in penal state
what % are men
what % are women
2,392 prisoners
5% men
8% women
how much of the prison population can currently benefit from TCs
less than 1% of prison population
How TCs work?
- develop insight into ones life and behaviours
- enculturation into the TC way
- secure attachment to peers and staff role models
what effect can TC have of higher expectations
pygmalion effect
what is pygmalion effect of higher expecations in TCs
- self determination theory
- culture carriers and normative compliance
- can provide turning point for change
self determination theory
people need to feel in control of their own behaviour and goals
- sense of being able to take direct action that will result in real change in helping people be self-determined
why are TCs unsuitable for most prisoners
they are distinct and marginal
what do TC exemplify the importance of and encourage thinking about how to create
- rehabilitative culture
- enabling environment
why are TC rehabilitative values important
what practices are important by staff
- the values are important in themselves but also essential for treatment efficacy
- importance of pro-social modelling by staff and positive encouragement of change
what should be embedded in the prison regime?
change for the better
which model dominates theory of offender rehabilitation and is operationalised through cognitive behavioural OBPs
RNR model
what do TCs offer an alternative on
for what type of offenders
an alternative model of imprisonment and rehabilitation for personality disordered offenders
what do TC values and practices provide a template for prisons seeking to provide an enabling environment and rehabilitative culture?
one in which the relational and organisational nature of the treatment setting facilitates change
