lecture 16 - release and resettlement (through the prison gate) Flashcards
rehabilitation aims
bring about change in the offender attitudes and thinking
through OBPs
resettlement
prisoners are prepared for their release back into the community and effectively helped to reduce their likelihood of reoffending
what different terms for resettlement were used and when did they officially change
- after care
- through care
changed in 1998 as they were considered too caring
what does resettlement cover?
what does it capture?
- covers other factors that are important in determining criminal behaviour
- capture the social needs of offenders
what did the seu report 2002 say?
how many factors influence?
reducing reoffending by ex prisoners identified 9 factors that influence re offending
about who we send to prison
how many resettlement pathways?
part of the what plan?
what date for home office
7 pathways
part of reoffending national action plan
home office 2004
many prisoners have experienced a lifetime of social exclusion causing
- poor skills and little experience of employment
- few positive social networks
- severe housing problems
- all severely complicated by a drug alcohol or mental health problem
evidence shows that working across 7 pathways can have a huge impact on what?
likelihood of a prisoner reoffending
being in employment reduces risk of reoffending by between ?
a third and a half
1/3 1/2
having stable accommodation reduces the risk of reoffending by how much
a fifth 1/5
creating and encouraging healthy family contract whilst in custody can reduce likelihood of offending by how much
up to 6 times
prisoners who receive visits have significantly lower reoffending rate - what %
52%
prisoners who receive no visits at all - % of reoffending
70%
reducing reoffending national action plan required what england and wales?
each english and wales region to produce a ‘regional rehabilitation strategy’ to provide services in relation to 7 pathways
where do the pathways start and continue
start in prison
continue through the prison gate
what is the outcome focused objective for the natioanl action plan
to reduce reoffending and protect the public
- through support with practical problems and criminogenic needs, prep prisoners for release
what is the short term outcome focused objective for reoffending national action plan
control and manage offenders risk in the community (licence period)
long term outcome focused objective for reoffending national action plan
reintegrating the ex prisoner into society and their community
who works with prisoners through the prison gate
third sector voluntary organisations
parole 1968
priorityfor what?
support offered to?
led to erosion in?
- higher priority given to resettlement provisions
- support offered to those now subject to parole and under some statutory order post release
- led to erosion in post release support for short term prisoners - less than 12 months
theres an increased awareness and neglect of what type of prisoner
short term prisoners - less than 12 months
what report is important for increased awareness of short term prisoners
social exclusion unit report 2002
pathfinder experiments
what is the revolving door population
large group of prisoners who had many problems and a high reconviction rate
when was the gov reducing reoffending national action plan and 7 pathways introduced
2004
when was NOMS; OMM and custody plus introduced
2004
when was transforming rehabiltiation; crc and resettlement prisons
2015
when did HMPPS replace NOMS
2017
HMMPS and OMIC
2018
when were crcs scrapped and returned to probation service
2019
what did NOMS 2004 say
- existing systems and practices not fit for purpose to reduce re offending not delivering results
- silos, services not joined up, lack of coherence from offender pov
- strong advocacy for radical change, driven by theory and research
offender management model OMM uses what system of offender management
- end to end management by 1 probation officer (OM) based in community, responsible for assessment and sentence
- assisted by custody based offender supervision acting under om guidance
- On release the OM continues supervision
what act created statutory basis for new sentence custody plus
was it implemented?
criminal justice act 2003
custody plus to replace existing short term prison sentences
- intended to involve short period in custody followed by longer period of statutory supervision in community
- never implemented due to lack of resources
what was transforming rehabilitation
a strategy for reform transformed the way in which rehabilitation services were delivered
what act was with the transforming rehabilitation strategy
offender rehabilitation act 2014
who is the national probation service responsible for managing
managing offenders who posed the highest risk of harm to public and committed most serious offences
what do community rehabiliation companies do (CRCs)
work with low and medium risk offenders through the prison gate
there was a plan to turn how many local prisons into resettlement prisons for additioanl through the gate support for short sentence prisoners
70 local cat b prisons
how do these redesigned resettlement prisons work
- prisons work towards rehabilitation from moment of imprisonment
- provided with needs assessment upon reception to prison
- then provided with a tailored package of supervision and support to help desist from offending
HMIP report in 2017 concluded what
none of gov stated aspirations for TR probation reform hd been met in meaninful way
in may 2019 gov announced changes to TR how
- the split between NPS and CRCs would be reversed
- bringin supervision of offenders at all risk levels back under NPS
what did NOMM say about the offender management model not working in prisons
offender management model is not working in prisons
- staff dont understand it
- community based managers have neither involvement in process nor internal knowledge of institutions to make it work
- complex and costly
what introduced by HMPPS in 2018
offender management in custody
- to improve support offered prisoners as they leave custody and reintegrated into local community
what do prison offender managers do
- probation officers transferred into prison
- oversee rotl, parole and prep prisoner for release
- disucss licence conditions and through the gate resettlement services based on risk assessment
- then hands over to community offender manager
what does the community offender manager help the offender
- relationship starts in custody and manage offenders in the community
what did new report by HM probation and offender management in custody 2022 say
offender management in custody simply not working
offender management ideas are based on evidence based pricniplesand to be effective they must be experienced how?
- to be effective rehabiliation/ resettlement must be experienced as a coherent and meaninful journey from offenders pov
how is quality and continuity of relationship important in offender management
- knowing and trusting one person to accompany you on your joruney - evidence from resettlement pathfinders
- opposite of pass the parcel offender management
what resource issues are there
-staffing issues
-training
-common obstacles in prison (internal communication, poor IT systems for info sharing)
- more pressing concerns
what is top down intro of systems lack of buy in and understanding at coal face
rolein prison/ community
remoteness from
sometimes what is split
- roles in prison/ community not widely undertsood
- remoteness from wing staff
- sometimes rehabiliation/ resettlement split (duplication, lack of coordination or sharing info)
effects of managerial and system centred om
- main purpose behind exercise gets forgotten: quality and continuity of relationship with offender
- all propose a handover model rather than one based on continuity of supervision
successful implementation of omic requires what culture?
space on prisons wings for what?
- rehabilitative culture
- where there is space on prison wings for one to one interventions with prisoners to promote rehabilitation
how do resettlement prisons culture change
what approach
- whole prison approach
- altering culture of prison not easy
- undermined, adapted and resisted to preserve the fundamental conditions of carceral establishment
for some resettlement prisons are what
an oxymoron
prisons are about punishment
re words imply
that this group of people is in some way returned to some state that they had previosuly occupied
- however the reintegrated may often not have been very integrated in first place
- reformed may feel they need to form themselves all over again
challenge of turning convicted offender away from crime is often
considerable
what did seu report 2002 say about prisoners
many experienced a life time of social exclusion
reintegrating is difficult and a process
policy v reality
how many lose their home in prison
1/3
housing benefits stops after how many weeks
13
what % of prisoners never had a job
11-13%
how many lose a job in prison
2/3
what act requires criminal records and disclosure to future employment
the rehabilitation of offenders act 1974
only when a conviction is spent is ex prisoner entitled to be treated for all…
entitled to be treated for all purposes in law as a person who has not been convicted or sentenced
what % of prisoners on benefits 12 months prior
64%
what do raynor and robinson 2009 argue about resettlement
resettlement occurs independently or more often after a period of punishment
- therefore conceptually divorced from punishment
how many prisoners leave prison on a friday
under what act
1 in 3
the offenders day of release from detention act 2013
what do governors now have the power to do under the offenders day of release from detention act 2013
what days
power to release prisoners with mental health issues, substance misuse problems, or who have far to travel home on a wednesday or thursday instead
seu 2002 says resettlement should be whos concern
everyones concern
what does resettlement from prison cause for prisoners
- stigma
- social exclusion
- labelling
- NIMBY
