Lecture 5 (Neuro) Part 3 Flashcards
What is normal ICP?
0-10mmHg
What is considered abnormal ICP?
15mmHg and above
What is Cerebral Perfusion Pressure?
Blood pressure gradient across the brain, an estimate of cerebral blood flow
How is CPP (Cerebral Perfusion Pressure) determined?
CPP= MAP (mean arterial pressure)-ICP
What does a CPP (Cerebral Perfusion Pressure) of less than 60 mmHg cause?
Neuronal hypoxia and cell death
What are the symptoms of raised ICP
Headache/throbbing pain, affected cognition, altered reaction/size of pupils, projectile vomiting, Cushings triad (late stage)
Describe the Glasgow coma scale?
Based on 3 aspects of behaviour. Verbal response out of 5, Eye opening out of 4, motor response out of 6.
Describe GCS scores?
Score 3-8 = coma/severe injury, Score 9-12 = moderate head injury, Score 13-15 = Mild injury
What is a Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) or folstein test?
is a brief 30-point questionnaire test that is used to screen for cognitive impairment. It is commonly used in medicine to screen for dementia. It is also used to estimate severity of cognitive impairment and track cognitive changes over time.
What is the Goal for medical treatment of raised ICP?
Maintain cerebral perfusion and oxygen delivery, Cerebral perfusion pressure >70mmHg
What is a Craniotomy (surgery)
Surgical operation in which bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain
Nursing care of patient with raised ICP?
Oxygen, cool patient (avoid hyperthermia), BP, TPR, GCS fluid balance, communication with pt and therapeutic touch (ICP)
What is a CVA or stroke?
Sudden interference to the brain’s blood supply due to a partial or complete occlusion of a cerebral artery, or rupture of a cerebral blood vessel
What is a seizure? What is epilepsy?
A transient nurological event of abnormal or excessive electrical discharges. Epilepsy refers to the disorder of recurrent siezures.
