Lecture 3 Flashcards
What is Hypoxaemia?
A lack of oxygen-rich blood
What does Hypoxaemia result in?
Less efficient anaerobic metabolism and compromised cellular function
Early Signs of Hypoxia
From organs at most risk (heart/brain) Confusion, headache, reduced consciousness, tachyarrhythmia or chest pain
Benefits of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA):
Rapid/easy insertion, more efficient than facemask, avoids need for laryngoscopy and full intubation
When would advanced airway management be used?
Reduced level of consciousness, respiratory failure requiring additional O2 support + +ve pressure support + active removal of sputum
Why is pressure placed on cricoid cartilage during insertion?
Reduces risk of regurgitation and aspiration
Advantages to tracheal Intubation?
Allows upto 100% O2 ventilation, isolates airway preventing aspiration, allows suctioning of airway, alternate route for drug administration
What is a tracheostomy?
A surgical opening in the anterior wall of the trachea to facilitate ventilation
What are the 2 basic types of Tracheostomies?
Surgical and Percutaneous
Indications for a tracheostomy?
Upper airway obstructions, respiratory insufficiency, sputum retention, surgical procedures, neuromuscular disorders, Long term ventilation
What does CPAP stand for?
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
What does BiPAP stand for?
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
Clinical criteria for Intubation and ventilation?
Inability to protect airway, inadequate breathing pattern, inability to sustain adequate oxegen for metabolic demands, Hypercarbia
Whats hypercarbia?
Acute rise in PCO2 >50mmHg with acidosis pH<7.3
What is tidal volume? And Minute volume?
The volume of each breath. And tidal volume x RR over the minute
