Lecture 4 part 1 Flashcards
What are the main functions of the Cardiovascular system?
Transport O2 to tissue from lungs, Transport CO2 from tissue to lungs, Transport nutrients, waste products, hormones from endocrine glands, radiation of heat
What is (or what does it describe) Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
The effects of reduction or complete obstruction of blood flow through the coronary arteries due to narrowing from atherosclerosis/thrombus
What are common manifestations of CHD?
Chest pain (angina), acute coronary syndrome, sudden death, arrhythmias, heart failure
Risk factors for CHD?
Smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, Family history, Age >45 m >55 f, Chronic kidney disease, lack of regular excersise, lack of fruit, veg, fibre in diet
What are the Acute coronaty syndromes?
Unstable angina, Non-ST-Segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), ST-Segement Elevation MI (STEMI)
What is Angina Pectoris
A clinical syndrome of CHD characterised by crushing central chest pain, causes temporary escheiamia of heart without lasting damage
What are the different types of angina?
Stable (predictable), Unstable (more pain, unpredictable), Varient (spasm, may not be disease)
How is angina diagnosed?
Substernal chest discomfort, onset with exertion/emo stress, relief with nitrogliserin, Typical (3), Non-typical (2), Noncardiac (1)
S/S of angina
Pain (retrosternal, radiates to L/R shoulder, SOB, increased HR, cold/clammy, anxiety/panic
Diagnosis of Unstable angina when pt has typical angina?
Increase in severity/duration, onset at rest or low exertion, unrelieved by usual amounts of nitro-glycerine
Diagnosis of unstable angina in pts not know to have angina?
Prolonged pain at rest
What is a Myocardial Infarction?
Irreversible myocardial necrosis from an abrupt blockage and cessation of blood flow
What can cause Myocardial Infarction?
Thrombosis, Atherosclerotic plaque, coronary artery spasm
