Lecture 5 (Neuro) Part 1 Flashcards
In regard to the brain, what is auto-regulation?
Flow of blood through the cerebral vessels to maintain optimum blood flow (Cerebral Perfusion)
How much Cerebral Spinal Fluid is in the CNS?
Around 80-150 mls
Where is CSF made? And then absorbed?
Choriod plexus and absorbed by the arachnoid villi
What are the main functions of the CSF?
Protection – act as a shock absorber and provide buoyancy for the brain.
Circulation – Nutrients to the CNS and removal of some waste products.
What are the 3 compnents withing the skull, with percentages
Brain – 80%, CSF – 10%, Blood – 10%
When does primary Brain Injury occur?
The moment of trauma
What types of damage occur in Primary brain injury?
Contusion, damage to blood vessels, laceration of brain tissue and axonal shearing. Blood brain barrier and meninges may be damaged to
Causes of primary Brain injury?
Blow to the head, Acceleration/deceleration, penetrating
What is a concussion?
Momentary interruption of brain function with or without loss of consciousness
What is a contusion?
Bruise to the brain caused by blunt head trauma, results in permenant brain damage
What is a diffuse axonal injury?
Primary injury with widespread microscopic damage; shifting, shearing, rotational, sudden acceleration/deceleration injury that stretche and/or tear nerve cell processes within the brain
What is Secondary Brain Injury?
A consequence of primary brain injury, results from processes initiated by the trauma or insult, and plays large part in brain damage and death from traumatic brain injury
What are some brain insults that secondary brain injury occurs after?
Haemorrhage, stroke, infection, tumour
What can secondary Brain injury lead to?
Inflammation, swelling, oedema. Raised ICP, reduced cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation
