Lecture 3 expanded Flashcards
What sources can defecits of oxygen arise from?
O2 uptake, diffusion across alvelar capillary membranes, haemoglobin, Transport of O2 around body, transfer of O2 to tissues
Early signs of hypoxia?
Confusion, headache, reduced conciousness, tachy-arrythmias or chest pain
Body’s initial response to hypoxia?
increased minute ventilation, raised HR
What can cause inflammatory proceses in lungs?
inhalation injuries, apsiration/resp infection, secondary to systemic events
In a concious patient how is the airway maintained?
muscle tone, gag and swallow reflexes and toungue movement
What are the benefits of an LMA?
rapid/easy insertion, more effiecient than facemask, avoids need for laryngoscopy/intubation
When is intubation undertaken?
When pts have: reduced level of conciousness, resp failure that requires o2 therapy, +ve pressure support and spewtum removal
What is intubation?
Technique of undertaking a laryngoscopy and insertion of a tube using either an oral or nasotracheal approuch
What meds does tube insertion require?
sedation, neuromuscular blocker, IV anaethsthetic agent
Nursing priorities for intubated pt
tube secure, monitor pt resp parameters (RR, depth, effort, sats, ABG’s) prevent removal, suction, hygiene, sedation, positioning
What is a tracheostomy?
A surgical opening in the anterior wall of the trachea to facilitate ventilation
Indications for tracheostomy?
Upper airway obstruction, resp insufficientcy, laryngectomy, neuromuscular disorders, long term ventilation
