lecture 5: infant nutrition Flashcards
Why do infants have the highest energy needs per kilogram of body weight?
Infants need the highest energy per kilogram of body weight because they are in a rapid phase of growth and development, requiring more energy to support these processes.
How do infants regulate their energy intake when demand feeding?
Infants can regulate their own energy intake when demand feeding by responding to their natural hunger and satiety cues.
What is the impact of caregiver-led feeding on infant satiety cues?
Caregiver-led feeding may override an infant’s natural satiety cues, potentially leading to overfeeding or underfeeding.
Why do infants require the highest protein intake per kilogram of body weight, especially between 7-12 months?
Infants require high protein intake to support the rapid growth of lean tissue, particularly during the 7-12 month age range when growth is accelerated.
What is the role of protein in infant growth?
Protein is essential for the development and growth of lean tissue, including muscles, organs, and other structural components of the body.
Why is fat essential for infant development?
Fat is crucial for brain development, as well as for the growth and functioning of other organs.
Why is fat restriction not recommended in infants?
Fat restriction is not recommended because fat is necessary for proper brain development and overall growth in infants.
What is the risk of vitamin A deficiency in infants in Australia?
The risk of vitamin A deficiency in infants in Australia is limited.
What determines an infant’s vitamin D status?
An infant’s vitamin D status depends on the mother’s vitamin D levels during pregnancy.
What is the recommended source of vitamin D for infants?
Regular, small doses of sun exposure are recommended as a source of vitamin D for infants.
How do infants acquire iron before birth?
Infants acquire iron stores during the third trimester of pregnancy.
How long do an infant’s iron stores and breastmilk iron last after birth?
An infant’s iron stores and the highly bioavailable iron in breastmilk last for the first six months after birth.
what is considered the optimal source of nutrition for infants?
Breastmilk is considered the optimal source of nutrition for infants.
What role does breastmilk play in an infant’s immune system?
Breastmilk has an immuno-protective role, helping to protect infants from infections and diseases.
How long is exclusive breastfeeding recommended for infants?
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of an infant’s life.
How long should breastfeeding be continued, according to recommendations?
Breastfeeding should be continued until 12 months and beyond, alongside appropriate complementary foods.
Do infants require additional fluids when exclusively breastfeeding?
No, infants do not require any additional fluids when exclusively breastfeeding.
What is the only recommended alternative to breastmilk if needed?
Commercial infant formula is the only recommended alternative to breastmilk.
Who regulates the composition of commercial infant formula?
The composition of commercial infant formula is regulated by Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ).
What nutrients are reduced or added in commercial infant formula compared to cow’s milk?
Commercial infant formula has reduced protein and electrolyte levels, with added iron and vitamins, including vitamins A, B group, C, D, E, and K.
What important components are absent in commercial infant formula compared to breastmilk?
Commercial infant formula lacks living cells, cholesterol, polyamines, free amino acids, enzymes, and a wide range of other bioactive substances found in breastmilk.
What type of formulas are recommended for infants?
Cow’s milk-based formulas are recommended for infants.
When are special formulas used, and what are some examples?
Special formulas are used under medical supervision for specific purposes, such as soy-based formulas, goat’s milk formulas, or modified lactose formulas, often due to medical, cultural, or religious reasons.