Lecture 5 - Brain & Behaviour

Question 1

brain is the major biological entity creating

Answer 1

all forms of behaviour and regulating thought/emotion

Question 2

the brain is the primary site for

Answer 2

interpreting all kinds of different stimuli

Question 3

biological psychology (behavioural neuroscience) is

Answer 3

scientific study of the reciprocal connections between the structure & activity of the nervous system annd behaviour

Question 4

central nervous sytem (CNS)

Answer 4

consists of the brain and the spinal cord, that extend from the brain down the back of the body

Question 5

peripheral nervous sytem

Answer 5

nerves exiting the CNS that carry sensory and motor information into/towards/from the body

Question 6

spinal cord

Answer 6

long cylinder of neural tissue extending from the medulla of the brain to the middle of the back (CNS)

Question 7

spinal nerves (31 pairs)

Answer 7

between bones of the vertebrae to brind sensory information to the CNS and carry motor commands to muscles

Question 8

spinal reflexes

Answer 8

initiated by spinal cord without assistance of the brain

Question 9

what are the three types of nerve cells/neurons

Answer 9

sensory, motor and interneurons

Question 10

sensory neurons

Answer 10

carry information from external environment from body back to the CNS

Question 11

motor neurons

Answer 11

carry commands from the CNS back to the muscles and glands of the body

Question 12

interneurons

Answer 12

neurons without sensory or motor functions

Question 13

brainstem

Answer 13

parts of the brain containing the midbrian, pons and medulla (responsible for reflexive behaviours, breating, sleep, movement)

Question 14

midbrain

Answer 14

part of the brainstem between pons and the cerebral hemispheres and is involved with sensory reflexes, movement and pain

Question 15

pons

Answer 15

part of the brainstem between the medulla and midbrain that connect the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and is involved in sleep, arousal and expression

Question 16

medulla

Answer 16

brainstem above the spinal cord that manages essential functions to life like heart rate, breathing and blood pressure

Question 17

reticular formation

Answer 17

collection of structures along the midline of the brainstem and involved with sleep, mood and arousal

Question 18

cerebellum

Answer 18

structure attached to the brainstem used for skilled movement and complex cognitive processing

Question 19

cerebellum

Answer 19

structure attached to the brainstem used for skilled movement and complex cognitive processing used to maintain balance and motor coordination (alcohol affects)

Question 20

thalamus

Answer 20

in centre of brain where most of the input of sensory system goed to first before going to the cerebral cortex

Question 21

thalamus

Answer 21

in centre of brain where most of the input of sensory system goed to first before going to the cerebral cortex

Question 22

hypothalamus

Answer 22

participates in regulation of thirst, temperature, hunger, sex, and agression

Question 23

basal ganglia

Answer 23

participate in reward and control of movement (problems may lead to OCD, autism or ADHD)

Question 24

hippocampus

Answer 24

memory - damage may result in dementia and problems with stress management

Question 25

amygdala

Answer 25

receives sensory info from thalamus to produce emotional and motivational output to be sent to the cerebral cortex

Question 26

nucleus accumbens

Answer 26

for reward and addiction

Question 27

cerebral cortex

Answer 27

thin layer of neurons covering the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 28

corpus callosum

Answer 28

wide band of nerve fibers connecting the hemisphere

Question 29

what are the lobes within the cerebral cortex

Answer 29

frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital

Question 30

what are the lobes within the cerebral cortex

Answer 30

frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital

Question 31

frontal lobe

Answer 31

site of the primary motor cortext, prefrontal cortext (behaviour, judgement, attention, judgement)

Question 31

frontal lobe

Answer 31

site of the primary motor cortext, prefrontal cortext (behaviour, judgement, attention, judgement), broca's area (speech) and the orbitofrontal cortex (impulse control and response inhibition)

Question 32

occipital lobe

Answer 32

location of the primary visual to respond to basic info about images

Question 33

temporal love

Answer 33

location of primary auditory cortex for higher-order visual processing (and Wernicke's area for speech comprehension)

Question 34

parietal lobe

Answer 34

lovation of primary somatosensory cortex (touch) and body position, also to understand sime and space

Question 35

laterization

Answer 35

localisation of a function in either the right or the left cerebral hemisphere

Question 36

movement and sensation on the right side of the body are processed by

Answer 36

left side of the brain (opposite for left side of the body)

Question 37

language is lateralised to

Answer 37

the left hemisphere (if they are right handed)

Question 38

math and logical reasoning are laterised to

Answer 38

left side

Question 39

music functions, spatial information, intuition, arts and emotional behaviour are laterised to

Answer 39

right side

Question 40

the PNS is made up of

Answer 40

the somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 41

somatic nervous system

Answer 41

part of the PNS that brings sensory information to the CNS and transmits comands to the muscles

Question 42

autonomic nervous system

Answer 42

division of the PNS that directs activity of glands or organs (not muscles) (e.g. heart keeps beating)

Question 43

the three subdivisons of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 43

sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

Question 44

symphatic nervous system

Answer 44

prepare your body for a flight-or-fight reaction

Question 45

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 45

allow you to store energy, repair your body, and return the activities of internal organs to baseline levels

Question 46

enteric nervous system

Answer 46

system made up of glands releasing chemical messengers known as hormones into the blood

Question 47

neuron

Answer 47

cells of the nervous system that are specialised to send and receive neural messages

Question 48

glia

Answer 48

nervous system cells that perform support functions like forming blood-brain barrier and myelin

Question 49

neurons are made up of

Answer 49

cell body, axon, dendrite and myelin

Question 50

cell body

Answer 50

large, central mass of a neuron that contains the nucleus

Question 51

axon

Answer 51

branch of neuron that is responsible for transmitting info to other neurons

Question 52

dendrite

Answer 52

branch from the neural cell body that receives input from other neurons

Question 53

myelin

Answer 53

insulating material covering some axons

Question 54

neural signal process

Answer 54

it is two steps: 1. neuron generates electical signal (action potential), signal travels length of axon from juction of cell body to terminal 2. arrival of action potential at axon terminlal of 1st neuron releases chemical messengers, chemicals influence likelihood that second neuron will respond with own action potential

Question 55

contemporary approaches in biological psychilogy

Answer 55

skin conductance response, electroencephalogram (EEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation and positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI

Question 56

skin conductance response

Answer 56

electricity measured passed between two electrodes on the skin

Question 57

EEG

Answer 57

brain electical activity measured using electrodes on scalp

Question 58

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 58

generate electrical current to affect brain activity

Question 59

MRI / magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 59

use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body