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Psychology Midterm > Lecture 5 - Brain & Behaviour > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Brain & Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

brain is the major biological entity creating

A

all forms of behaviour and regulating thought/emotion

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2
Q

the brain is the primary site for

A

interpreting all kinds of different stimuli

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3
Q

biological psychology (behavioural neuroscience) is

A

scientific study of the reciprocal connections between the structure & activity of the nervous system annd behaviour

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4
Q

central nervous sytem (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and the spinal cord, that extend from the brain down the back of the body

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5
Q

peripheral nervous sytem

A

nerves exiting the CNS that carry sensory and motor information into/towards/from the body

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6
Q

spinal cord

A

long cylinder of neural tissue extending from the medulla of the brain to the middle of the back (CNS)

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7
Q

spinal nerves (31 pairs)

A

between bones of the vertebrae to brind sensory information to the CNS and carry motor commands to muscles

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8
Q

spinal reflexes

A

initiated by spinal cord without assistance of the brain

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9
Q

what are the three types of nerve cells/neurons

A

sensory, motor and interneurons

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10
Q

sensory neurons

A

carry information from external environment from body back to the CNS

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11
Q

motor neurons

A

carry commands from the CNS back to the muscles and glands of the body

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12
Q

interneurons

A

neurons without sensory or motor functions

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13
Q

brainstem

A

parts of the brain containing the midbrian, pons and medulla (responsible for reflexive behaviours, breating, sleep, movement)

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14
Q

midbrain

A

part of the brainstem between pons and the cerebral hemispheres and is involved with sensory reflexes, movement and pain

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15
Q

pons

A

part of the brainstem between the medulla and midbrain that connect the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and is involved in sleep, arousal and expression

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16
Q

medulla

A

brainstem above the spinal cord that manages essential functions to life like heart rate, breathing and blood pressure

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17
Q

reticular formation

A

collection of structures along the midline of the brainstem and involved with sleep, mood and arousal

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18
Q

cerebellum

A

structure attached to the brainstem used for skilled movement and complex cognitive processing

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19
Q

cerebellum

A

structure attached to the brainstem used for skilled movement and complex cognitive processing used to maintain balance and motor coordination (alcohol affects)

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20
Q

thalamus

A

in centre of brain where most of the input of sensory system goed to first before going to the cerebral cortex

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21
Q

thalamus

A

in centre of brain where most of the input of sensory system goed to first before going to the cerebral cortex

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22
Q

hypothalamus

A

participates in regulation of thirst, temperature, hunger, sex, and agression

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23
Q

basal ganglia

A

participate in reward and control of movement (problems may lead to OCD, autism or ADHD)

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24
Q

hippocampus

A

memory - damage may result in dementia and problems with stress management

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25
Q

amygdala

A

receives sensory info from thalamus to produce emotional and motivational output to be sent to the cerebral cortex

26
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

for reward and addiction

27
Q

cerebral cortex

A

thin layer of neurons covering the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

corpus callosum

A

wide band of nerve fibers connecting the hemisphere

29
Q

what are the lobes within the cerebral cortex

A

frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital

30
Q

what are the lobes within the cerebral cortex

A

frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital

31
Q

frontal lobe

A

site of the primary motor cortext, prefrontal cortext (behaviour, judgement, attention, judgement)

31
Q

frontal lobe

A

site of the primary motor cortext, prefrontal cortext (behaviour, judgement, attention, judgement), broca’s area (speech) and the orbitofrontal cortex (impulse control and response inhibition)

32
Q

occipital lobe

A

location of the primary visual to respond to basic info about images

33
Q

temporal love

A

location of primary auditory cortex for higher-order visual processing (and Wernicke’s area for speech comprehension)

34
Q

parietal lobe

A

lovation of primary somatosensory cortex (touch) and body position, also to understand sime and space

35
Q

laterization

A

localisation of a function in either the right or the left cerebral hemisphere

36
Q

movement and sensation on the right side of the body are processed by

A

left side of the brain (opposite for left side of the body)

37
Q

language is lateralised to

A

the left hemisphere (if they are right handed)

38
Q

math and logical reasoning are laterised to

A

left side

39
Q

music functions, spatial information, intuition, arts and emotional behaviour are laterised to

A

right side

40
Q

the PNS is made up of

A

the somatic and autonomic nervous system

41
Q

somatic nervous system

A

part of the PNS that brings sensory information to the CNS and transmits comands to the muscles

42
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

division of the PNS that directs activity of glands or organs (not muscles) (e.g. heart keeps beating)

43
Q

the three subdivisons of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

44
Q

symphatic nervous system

A

prepare your body for a flight-or-fight reaction

45
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

allow you to store energy, repair your body, and return the activities of internal organs to baseline levels

46
Q

enteric nervous system

A

system made up of glands releasing chemical messengers known as hormones into the blood

47
Q

neuron

A

cells of the nervous system that are specialised to send and receive neural messages

48
Q

glia

A

nervous system cells that perform support functions like forming blood-brain barrier and myelin

49
Q

neurons are made up of

A

cell body, axon, dendrite and myelin

50
Q

cell body

A

large, central mass of a neuron that contains the nucleus

51
Q

axon

A

branch of neuron that is responsible for transmitting info to other neurons

52
Q

dendrite

A

branch from the neural cell body that receives input from other neurons

53
Q

myelin

A

insulating material covering some axons

54
Q

neural signal process

A

it is two steps:

  1. neuron generates electical signal (action potential), signal travels length of axon from juction of cell body to terminal
  2. arrival of action potential at axon terminlal of 1st neuron releases chemical messengers, chemicals influence likelihood that second neuron will respond with own action potential
55
Q

contemporary approaches in biological psychilogy

A

skin conductance response, electroencephalogram (EEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation and positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI

56
Q

skin conductance response

A

electricity measured passed between two electrodes on the skin

57
Q

EEG

A

brain electical activity measured using electrodes on scalp

58
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

generate electrical current to affect brain activity

59
Q

MRI / magnetic resonance imaging

A

use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body

Psychology Midterm (11 decks)

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