Lecture 10 - Psychological Disorders

Question 1

psychological (mental) disorder

Answer 1

any condition that affects an individual’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviours in a way that causes significant distress or impairment in their daily functioning

Question 2

Psychological disorders are diagnosed by

Answer 2

DSM-5 and the ICD-11

Question 3

Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD

Answer 3

characterised by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills that are often accompanied by repetitive ritualistic behaviour - varies in severity - rates are increasing - more common in boys

Question 4

how is ASD diagnosed

Answer 4

begins in infancy such as eye contact, and language skills can vary widely

Question 5

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 5

involves inattention and/or hyperactivity

Question 6

schizophrenia

Answer 6

disorder characterised by hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thoughts and speech, disorders of movement, restricted affect and avolition

Question 7

major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 7

lengthy periods of depressed mood, loss of pleaasure in normal activities, disturbances in sleep and appetite, low concentration, hopelessness and suicidal thoughts

Question 8

bipolar disorder

Answer 8

mood disorder characterised by alternating periods of mania and depression (low sleep, goal-directed activity increased)

Question 9

anxiety disorder

Answer 9

Anxiety disorders differ from normal feelings of nervousness or
anxiousness and involve excessive fear or anxiety. They hinder our
ability to function normally. - specific phobias, social anxiety, panic

Question 10

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 10

is a disorder associated with intrusive
obsessions and compulsions

Question 11

body-dysmorphic disorder

Answer 11

characterized by the unrealistic perception of
physical flaws, which are often unnoticeable to others, worry about a specific body area, comparing looks, look at mirror constantly

Question 12

posttraumastic stress disorder

Answer 12

a disorder caused by the experience of
trauma, which leads to flashbacks, dreams, hypervigilance, and avoidance
of stimuli associated with the traumatic event

Question 13

dissociative disorder

Answer 13

disruptions in a person’s identity,
memory, or consciousness leading to two distinct personality states, depersonalisation, amnesia

Question 14

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 14

diagnosed when people are unusually
concerned and preoccupied with chronic somatic symptoms

Question 15

personality disorder

Answer 15

impariments in identity, personality trains and in the establishment of empathy or intimacy

Question 16

antisocial personality disorders ASPD

Answer 16

characterized by pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others (basically psychopath)

Question 17

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Answer 17

characterized by instability
in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion

Question 18

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)

Answer 18

characterized by grandiosity, need for admiration, and low empathy