Lecture 1 - Introduction

Question 1

behaviour

Answer 1

refers to any action that can be OBSERVED

Question 2

What does psychology mean

Answer 2

the objective study of the mid

Question 3

mental processes

Answer 3

include attention, perception, memory, cognition, imagination etc.

Question 4

brain functions

Answer 4

the cerebral basis of these mental processes

Question 5

dreams have

Answer 5

themes

Question 6

hybrid of psychology made of two roots

Answer 6

philosophy and natural science

Question 7

What was Wilhelm Wundt’s theory

Answer 7

structuralism

Question 8

structuralism

Answer 8

the mind can be broken down into smaller elements of mental experience

Question 9

What was Max Wertheimer’s theory

Answer 9

Gestalt (whole) psychology (rejected structuralism)

Question 10

Gestalt psychology

Answer 10

emphasized the role of context or the”whole”in perception

Question 11

What was William James’ theory

Answer 11

Functionalism

Question 12

Functionalism

Answer 12

views behaviour as purposeful because it led to survival instinct (more interested in why behaviour works)

Question 13

What did Sigmund Freud found?

Answer 13

psychoanalysis

Question 14

Humanistic psychology

Answer 14

Say that humans are naturally good and behave only badly when corrupted by society (Freud opposes this)

Question 15

Behaviourists

Answer 15

concentrate on observable measurable behaviours

Question 16

Thorndike proposed what law?

Answer 16

Law of effect (pleasant behaviours would occur more in the future and unpleasant behaviours would occur less)

Question 17

Cognitive revolution

Answer 17

the challenge of other scientists towards behaviourism

Question 18

what are the 5 perspectives of Psychology

Answer 18

biological, cognitive, developmental, social/personality and clinical psychology

Question 19

biological psychology

Answer 19

focuses on reciprocal relationships between the mind and behaviour looking at underlying biological processes

Question 20

cognitive psychology

Answer 20

focuses on the processing of information

Question 21

developmental psychology

Answer 21

explores the normal changes in behaviour that occur across the life span

Question 22

social/personality psychology

Answer 22

describe the effects of social environment and individual differences of behaviour (attitude, relationships)

Question 23

clinical psychology

Answer 23

seek to explain, define and treat psychological disorders

Question 24

what makes science science

Answer 24

objectivity and systematic observation, relying on observable and repeatable evidence

Question 25

confirmation bias

Answer 25

tendency to notice and remember instances that support our beliefs more than instances that contradict them

Question 26

descriptive methods

Answer 26

case studies, naturalistic observations and surveys

Question 27

correlational methods

Answer 27

measure the direction and strength of the relationships between two variables which look at relationships and causes

Question 28

meta-analysis

Answer 28

statistical analysis of many previous experiments on a single topic