Lecture 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

behaviour

A

refers to any action that can be OBSERVED

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2
Q

What does psychology mean

A

the objective study of the mid

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3
Q

mental processes

A

include attention, perception, memory, cognition, imagination etc.

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4
Q

brain functions

A

the cerebral basis of these mental processes

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5
Q

dreams have

A

themes

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6
Q

hybrid of psychology made of two roots

A

philosophy and natural science

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7
Q

What was Wilhelm Wundt’s theory

A

structuralism

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8
Q

structuralism

A

the mind can be broken down into smaller elements of mental experience

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9
Q

What was Max Wertheimer’s theory

A

Gestalt (whole) psychology (rejected structuralism)

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10
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

emphasized the role of context or the”whole”in perception

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11
Q

What was William James’ theory

A

Functionalism

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

views behaviour as purposeful because it led to survival instinct (more interested in why behaviour works)

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13
Q

What did Sigmund Freud found?

A

psychoanalysis

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14
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Say that humans are naturally good and behave only badly when corrupted by society (Freud opposes this)

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15
Q

Behaviourists

A

concentrate on observable measurable behaviours

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16
Q

Thorndike proposed what law?

A

Law of effect (pleasant behaviours would occur more in the future and unpleasant behaviours would occur less)

17
Q

Cognitive revolution

A

the challenge of other scientists towards behaviourism

18
Q

what are the 5 perspectives of Psychology

A

biological, cognitive, developmental, social/personality and clinical psychology

19
Q

biological psychology

A

focuses on reciprocal relationships between the mind and behaviour looking at underlying biological processes

20
Q

cognitive psychology

A

focuses on the processing of information

21
Q

developmental psychology

A

explores the normal changes in behaviour that occur across the life span

22
Q

social/personality psychology

A

describe the effects of social environment and individual differences of behaviour (attitude, relationships)

23
Q

clinical psychology

A

seek to explain, define and treat psychological disorders

24
Q

what makes science science

A

objectivity and systematic observation, relying on observable and repeatable evidence

25
confirmation bias
tendency to notice and remember instances that support our beliefs more than instances that contradict them
26
descriptive methods
case studies, naturalistic observations and surveys
27
correlational methods
measure the direction and strength of the relationships between two variables which look at relationships and causes
28
meta-analysis
statistical analysis of many previous experiments on a single topic