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U0 History 215 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

why was the french revolution significant

A

hugely significant moment
demonstrated that age only monarchies and rulers and religious control could be demolished
nothing was permanent
the french revolution changed the way people think; giving ride to a series of new systems (e.g. nationalism, etc)

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2
Q

what were the long term consequences

A

financial crisis
political cricis
crisis of public opinion

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3
Q

how was the financial crisis increased

A

Govt. debts increased by Seven Years’ War (1756-63; loss of Canada and India) and American War of Independence (1776-83).

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4
Q

when did the 7 years war happen

A

1756-63

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5
Q

what was the result of the 7 years war

A

loss of Canada and India

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6
Q

what was La Marseillaise

A

context; invasion of france by prussian and other forces to stop Louis the 16th
first sung as a marching song
became a patriotic rallying cry for the revolution and became the anthem later in 1775 (I think)

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7
Q

how did the American War of Independence increase financial problems

A

france joined them to try and get back at the british, but the americans succeeded and the french just went into even more debt

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8
Q

when was the american war of independance

A

1776-83

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9
Q

what was the political crisis

A

Resistance of the parlements (esp. Paris Parlement) and other vested interests to reform during reigns of Louis XV (r.1715-74) and Louis XVI (r.1774-92); policies of Jacques Necker defeated

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10
Q

what was included in Resistance of the parlements

A

(esp. Paris Parlement)
any attempt to reform went to the resistance
(note: parliaments means;this means judicial things
they rejected any laws they considered to be flawed)

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11
Q

why did the political crisis happen during the reign of Louis XV

A

was 5 years old when he took the thrown, and the parliament took the advantage to have more power as a child was ruling the kingdom

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12
Q

when did Louis XV reign

A

1715-74

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13
Q

when did Louis XVI reign

A

1774-92

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14
Q

who was Jacques Necker and what did he try to do

A

louis’ finance minister
tried to help finances, and all the people who held power (people who had given the king money) resisted, and the monarchy failed

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15
Q

what was the crisis of public opinion

A

Growth of Enlightenment-inspired public debate and pamphleteering; (physiocrats); Marie Antoinette and “Diamond Necklace Affair”, 1785; resentment by 3rd Estate of nobility’s privileges

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16
Q

how did the enlightenment influence the people

A 
people attacked/moved against the king an his ways 
they attacked his decision to remove the price controls of reign, which kept the price of bread down which is one of the staples of their diet 
the prices (short term) of bread skyrocketed, and contrasted this with the diamond necklace affair
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17
Q

what was the Diamond Necklace Affair (1785)

A

idea that Marie Antoinette spent 2 million pounds on a necklace, this was a false allegation but everyone believed it

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18
Q

why did the 3rd estate resent the nobility

A

clergy in first
nobles in second
everyone else in third
the upper third= bankers and such were actually more rich than the nobles and they resented the privileges of the nobles as they thought it to be unjust and bad

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19
Q

what are physiocrats

A

believed that agriculture was the source of all wealth and should be taxed/priced very high

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20
Q

when did the Paris Parlement refused more loans

A

1785

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21
Q

what was the deal with Paris Parlement refusing more loans;

A

refuse to approve

this means the government had no way to finance the country
so the parliament agreed to a new short term load, if and ONLY if, the king agreed to allow for the estates general to meet again (for the first time in years since it was banned)

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22
Q

when was the estates general called

A

1785

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23
Q

what were some major short term problems

A

Terrible economic conditions and high bread prices; peasants’ grievances against seigneurial dues, salt tax, corvée, etc.; cahiers de doléances.
–Debate over format of Estates General, which met in May 1789; Third Estate walked out and, led by Mirabeau and Abbé Sièyes, swore Tennis Court Oath, 20 June, declaring themselves the National Assembly

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24
Q

what was the deal with salt tax

A

people were required to buy 7 lbs of salt from the government every year

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25
Q

what was the deal with corvée

A

forced to do annual labour to maintain roads without any pay

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26
Q

what were cahiers de doléances

A

lists of grievances
1614 was the last time this had happened (when the states general last met)
people sent in their long lists against unfair taxes, unjust privileges, etc
all this had feuded the notion that something had gone terribly wrong in france and raise expectations for desperately needed reforms

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27
Q

what was the Debate over format of Estates General

A

members of the 3rd estate argued that as they represent the majority of france they should have double the amount of delegates as the other 2
at the end, they should all vote as individuals in so that the nobles and clergy could not outvote the third
the king did nit agree to this
so the 3rd estate walked out

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28
Q

when did the Estates general actually meet

A

May 1789

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29
Q

what happened at the meeting of the estates generl

A

Third Estate walked out and, led by Mirabeau and Abbé Sièyes, swore Tennis Court Oath, 20 June, declaring themselves the National Assembly

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30
Q

who led the estates general walk out

A

Mirabeau and Abbé Sièyes

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31
Q

what is the tennis court oath

A

they couldn’t do the estates general, so they met in the tennis court

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32
Q

when did the tennis court oath happen

A

june 20 1789

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33
Q

what did the national assembly agree on

A

they took a solemn oath not to separate until they had drafted a constitution for france
this was the real beginning of the revolution in france

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34
Q

how many phases of the french revolution

A

2

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35
Q

what was the phase one named

A

moderte phase

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36
Q

what were the sans-culottes

A

outside pressures;
wore long pants
were electors
feared a reactionary cout by the king, organized a voluntary malitia to maintain order

37
Q

when was the storming of the bastille

A

july 14

38
Q

what was the storming of the bastille

A

rebels initiated this
was a statement of rebellion
king was forced to recognize the estates general as higher than the king’s word

39
Q

when did phase one happen

A

June 1789-Aug. 1792

40
Q

what did the national assembly accomplish

A

National Guard; Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, Aug. 26

41
Q

when was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen done

A

Aug. 26

42
Q

what was La Grande Peur

A

the great fear

the peasantry, suffering lots, took it upon themselves to organize themselves to seise grain to feed themselves, to make a name for themselves through violence

when news of this reach the national assembly was convinces that france had collapsed

43
Q

what happened the night of august 4

A

one noble after another demanded the hierarchy gone
the regime of hierarchy and privilege that had been placed for centred collapsed in this one night

aka Assembly, sweeping away of remnants of feudalism

44
Q

what is october days

A

women marched and invaded the palace and threatened the queen, he was then forced to move to paris under the eye of the people

the women were convinced the king was conspiring against the revolution

45
Q

what are assignats

A

a new form of paper money

created to pay off the countries huge public debt

46
Q

why are assignats important

A

Nov., nationalization of Church property to back assignats

47
Q

what was the July 1790, Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

this made bishops and priests salary employees of the state

this began a rift between the people in the church; those who recognized their power from the pope and those that recognized their power from he state

48
Q

when did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy happen

A

July 1790

49
Q

growing unrest happened especially where

A

in the west

50
Q

what was the Constitution of 1791;

A

order and rights of french order was declared common interest of all sovereigns in europe

this meant that european monarchs weren’t going to put up with this

basically; abolition of guilds and trades unions

51
Q

what was the Failed flight of royal family to Varennes, 20 June 1791

A

king decided to run away with queen and children
despised as ordinary people
left a letter behind that denounced the revolution
unfortunately for them they were recognized and stoped and brought back as prisoners of the national assembly

52
Q

when did the Failed flight of royal family to Varennes, happen

A

20 June 1791

53
Q

what was Declaration of Pillnitz

A

order and rights of french order was declared common interest of all sovereigns in europe

this meant that european monarchs weren’t going to put up with this

54
Q

when did the Declaration of Pillnitz happen

A

Aug. 1791

55
Q

who issued the Declaration of Pillnitz

A

Austria and Prussia

56
Q

what was the mass politicization thta happened

A

e.g. Jacobins Club
one of the main debating clubs
they were told to disperse but they didn’t want to

57
Q

when did France declared war on Austria and Prussia

A

20 Apr. 1792

58
Q

why did France declare war on Austria and Prussia

A

because their armies invaded

59
Q

when did sans-culottes attacked royal palace

A

10 Aug

60
Q

after the sans-culottes attacked royal palace, what did they do

A

set up a commune

61
Q

what was the commune

A

revolutionary comune

this forced the newly elected national assembly to strip the royal family of powers and consider them as prisioners

62
Q

what was included in the first phase

A

(a) Phase 1 (June 1789-Aug. 1792)
- -Moderate phase; but outside pressure from sans-culottes; July 14, storming of the Bastille; organization of National Guard; Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, Aug. 26.
- -La Grande Peur in the countryside; night of August 4 in Assembly, sweeping away of remnants of feudalism.
- - The “October Days” and the move of the court to Paris from Versailles.
- -Nov., nationalization of Church property to back assignats; July 1790, Civil Constitution of the Clergy; growing counterrevolutionary unrest, esp. in the west.
- - Constitution of 1791; abolition of guilds and trades unions.
- -Failed flight of royal family to Varennes, 20 June 1791.
- - Aug. 1791, Declaration of Pillnitz by Austria and Prussia; mass politicization (e.g. Jacobins Club); 20 Apr. 1792, France declared war on Austria and Prussia, whose armies invaded; 10 Aug., sans-culottes attacked royal palace, set up Commune; king and family imprisoned.

63
Q

when was phase 2

A

Sept. 1792-July 1794

64
Q

Legislative Assembly replaced by what

A

Convention

65
Q

what was the Convention elected by

A

universal manhood suffrage

66
Q

what is important about the universal manhood suffrage

A

all adult males had vote

67
Q

what was the September Massacres

A

but then in early september, before they could meet, rumours spread that political prisoners were planning to escape from prion and join the other side (foreigns)… so people stormed the prisons and slaughtered all the prisoners

basically; slaughter of over 1,000 inmates

68
Q

when was france declared a republic

A

21 Sept

69
Q

when was the king guillotined

A

21 Jan. 1793

70
Q

what happened when the king guillotined

A

at this point the below countries declared way on france

71
Q

who joined in war against France

A

GB joined Dutch, Spain, Austria, Prussia, Portugal

72
Q

Convention conscripted how many new soldiers

A

300,000

73
Q

who rebelled

A

Vendée rebellion

74
Q

what was the Vendée rebellion

A

The War in the Vendée was an uprising in the (countryside) Vendée region of France during the French Revolution.

75
Q

who forced expulsion of Girondins from Convention

A

sans-culottes

76
Q

when did the sans-culottes forced expulsion of Girondins from Convention

A

-2 June, 1793

77
Q

what happened when the sans-culottes forced expulsion of Girondins from Convention

A

leaving Jacobins, under Maximilien Robespierre, in control (and of Committee of Public Safety).

78
Q

who were the two main groups in the french revolution

A

Girondins and Jacobins (as well as the sans-coulettes I guess)

79
Q

what was the Terror

A

max initiated this
ruthless oppression of enemies or assumed enemies and an authoritarian control to preserve the revolution
they guillotines so many people, like Marie Antoinette (in October) and Girondins

as brutal as it was, the terror worked and mobilized the country for war
the conscription of people created a large army ready for war

80
Q

who ran the Terror

A

Maximilien Robespierre

81
Q

how did Maximmilian prepare for war

A

Mobilization for war (levée en masse; the “maximum”; grain requisition) to deal with Vendée uprisings, “federalists” in Marseilles, Lyon and Bordeaux, and repel foreign invaders

82
Q

what was grain requisition

A

from peasants, kept the army and citizens supplied (allowed for them to continue)

83
Q

what was levée en masse

A

forced conscription

84
Q

what were federalists

A

lived in Marseilles
people called themselves this
they were not counter revolutionary in the same was as the vendee’s were

85
Q

why are the federalists important

A

they resulted in the song of La Marseillaise

86
Q

how did Maximillian respond to the conflict between Georges Danton and the Indulgents

A

guillotined them both

87
Q

who was Jacques Hébert

A

leader of french revolution
ran a radical news paper
killed by robespierre

88
Q

what happened with robspierre

A

it was clear that no one was now safe

some of his people turned on him,

89
Q

when did Robspierre get guillotined

A

28 July,

aka 9th of Thermador year 2

U0 History 215 (9 decks)

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